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Cell Notes: Chapter 4
Biology A
History of the Cell
1.
____________________
a. Discovered the __________, by looking at cork
2. ____________________
a. Discovered _______________ cells
b. Also invented the _____________________
3. ____________________
a. Discovered _________ cells
4. ____________________
a. Discovered _________ cells
5. ____________________
a. Discovered that _________ only come from other living cells
Cell Theory
1. All living things are composed of ___________.
2. Cells are the basic units of _______________ and ________________.
3. Cells are produced only from other __________ cells
** These observations were made from ____________, ______________ and ______________.
Prokaryotic Cells
1. Lived at least _____ billions years ago
2. __________-celled (_____________) that lacks a ___________ and any _______________
3. Genetic material does not have a ____________
4. Very ___________
5. Example:
Eukaryotic Cells
1. Have a ___________ and _______________ (mini organs)
2. Genetic material has a ___________ around it
3. Not as ______ as prokaryotic cells
4. Can be _____________ or ________________ (more than 1 cell)
5. Example:
Why are cells so small?
1. Needed ____________ must be able to be ______________ inside the cell
2. ______ materials must be able to be transported ________ of the cell
3. ___________ cells are more efficient because they have a better ______________ to
_______________ ratio
Organelles of the Cell
Organelle
Plant, Animal or Both?
Looks like
Plasma Membrane (cell
membrane)
Lipid bilayer – polar
heads and nonpolar
tails
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum (RER)
Tunnel with ribosomes
(dots); is connected to
the nucleus
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum (SER)
Tubular with no
ribosomes, connected
to RER and nucleus
Function in Cell (JOB)
Vesicle
Carries proteins from
RER to the Golgi
apparatus
Ribosome
Makes proteins by
combining amino acids
through condensation
reactions
Nucleus
Large and central; has a
membrane; contains
chromosomes and a
nucleolus
Nuclear Envelope or
Nuclear Membrane
Allows RNA and protein
in and out of the
nucleus
Nucleolus
Chromosomes – other
forms are chromatin or
chromatid
Inside nucleus; looks
like a ball of yarn, little
lines or an X
Cytoplasm
Jellylike fluid – cytosol;
contains cytoskeleton
Mitochondria
Small sausage shaped
with squiggly lines
called cristae
Chloroplast
Green bean shaped
with stacks of
thylakoids inside
Golgi Apparatus (Golgi
complex, golgi body)
Cell Wall
Receives protein from
vesicles and packages
them up to be
distributed out of the
cell
Made of cellulose
(polysaccharide)
Peroxisome
Breaks down
macromolecules;
recycles organelles
Lysosome
Cytoskeleton
Centrioles
Vacuole
Cilia
Flagella
Microtubules arranged
in a circle
Storage of food, water,
waste, pigments and
enzymes