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Transcript
11-4 Meiosis Genetics Name: ___________________________ The chromosomal theory of inheritance states that _______________ are located in specific positions on _________________________. Mendel’s principles of genetics require two things: 1. 2. Chromosome Number – Fruit flies have _____ chromosomes in their body cells (1 set of 4 from their female parent and 1 set of 4 from their male parent). The two sets of chromosomes are ______________________, matching pairs of chromosomes. A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes is said to be ________________, sometimes represented by the number 2N. Sex cells or gametes contain only a single set of chromosomes and are said to be __________________ (1 set of genes), represented by N. Phases of Meiosis – produces haploid (N) gametes from _____________ (2N) cells. Meiosis is a process of _______________________ division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of ______________________ chromosomes in a diploid cell. Meiosis involves _____ divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II. By the end, one diploid cell will become _____ haploid cells. Before meiosis occurs, each chromosome is _________________ (interphase). Meiosis I Prophase I – Each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosomes to form a _______________. In a process called ________________________________, the homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids (Fig. 11-16). Metaphase I – Anaphase I – Telophase I and Cytokinesis – Meiosis II Prophase II – Metaphase II – Anaphase II – Telophase II and Cytokinesis – Gamete Formation Male gametes – Female gametes – Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis Mitosis results in the production of _____ genetically identical _______________ cells, whereas meiosis produces ____ genetically different ________________ cells.