Download Unit A Notes #1 Cell Intro Fill In - Mr. Lesiuk

Name :__________________
Date : _____________
CELL STRUCTURE : PART ONE - Notes
Cell Theory:
- The study of cells had its birth with the invention of the microscope. Advances in
________________________ (study of cell) took place in the 1900’s with the
invention of better scanning microscopes.
- In the late 1830’s two German biologists, Schleiden (a botanist) and Schwann, (a
zoologists) made similar claims. They found that all organisms they had studied
were composed of cells. Their discoveries were generalized in the following
statement:
1. _____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
- A few years later, Rudolph Virchow added the following observation:
3. _____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
These three statements comprise what is now known as the “__________________”.
Cell Types:
A) Prokaryotic Cells - Primitive (simple) cells
-
Do not contain a _____________________________________________________
Lack internal membranes.
- Only Kingdom ________________________________________________________.
- In Prokaryotic cells, the reactions occur all over the cytoplasm, and reactions are
less efficient.
B) Eukaryotic Cells - Complex cells
- Have a nucleus and many organelles.
- _____________________________________________________________________
- Each organelle carries out a certain function.
- Eukaryotic cells make up Plants, Animals, Protists, and Fungi.
Cellular Organelles and Other Cellular Components:
Nucleus
- Largest organelle.
- _____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
- Membrane has pores through which larger molecules pass. (Nuclear Pores)
- __________________________________________________________. (The brain).
- Contains a fluid called the ________________________________
- Contains ____________________________ (DNA strands which form
chromosomes during cell division).
Nucleolus
- Dark region in the _______________________________
- One or more found in the nucleus.
- Site where _____________________________________________________________
- Involved in interactions between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
Chromatin
- The hereditary material of the cell.
- Condenses ___________________________________________________________.
- Composed of _________________________________ and _____________.
Chromosomes
- Rod-shaped bodies in the nucleus, only _____________________________________
- Contains the hereditary information. (genes)
-___________________________________________________________.
Cytoplasm
- A colloidal substance, which can change from a ____________________________
to a ________________________________ state with the addition of heat or change
in metabolic activity.
- It contains and supports all the cells organelles.
Cell Membrane or Plasma Membrane
- Composed of proteins and ________________________________ (fats containing a
phosphate group).
- Acts as skin around the cells contents.
- Acts as a _______________________________________________________ to allow
movement of materials in and out of the cell.
- Located around the outside of the cell.
- ____________________________________________________________located
around the vacuoles, lysosomes, E.R., Golgi Apparatus.
- Double-layered membrane around the _____________________________________.
- _______________________ (water-loving) __________________________ heads
sticking out, with Hydrophobic (water fearing) fatty acid tails sticking in.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- System of interconnected flattened tubes, sacs, or canals.
- ______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
- Moves molecules from one area to another.
-
It is the site of ________________________________________________.
-
Cells that produce ___________________________________________, have an
abundant amount of smooth ER.
- Section of both types of ER can break free “ _____________________” to produce
small membrane bound ___________________________________________________
- Often these vesicles contain enzymes that help synthesize lipids and related
products such as steroids.
- Some contain enzymes ______________________________________________
- Amount of E.R. in a cell increases or decreases depending on the cell’s activity.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- _____________________________________________________________________
- Abundant in cells that produce large amounts of ________________________ for
export from the cell.
The combination of phospholipid-membranous structures including the__________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________; collectively work together to form what is
known as the ________________________________________.