Download Biology K Midterm Exam Review Packet

Biology Exam Review Packet WITH ANSWERS
Topic 1: Characteristics of life, life processes, scientific method and the Microscope
1. What is the total magnification of a microscope if the eyepiece (ocular) is 10x and the
objective is 40x?
2. In the example above, is this high or low power?
3. What does the term magnification mean?
4. What does the term resolution mean?
5. When moving a slide to the left, the image in the scope appears to move in what
direction? )
6. Using the appropriate terms, label the parts of the microscope shown below:
eyepiece
Fine adjustment
Objective lens
arm
Stage clips
Diaphragm
Pivot point
base
7. What is the function of the coarse adjustment knob?
8. Under what power should you use the coarse adjustment knob?
9. When is it ok to use the fine adjustment knob?
10. What are the steps of the scientific method?
11. What is a controlled experiment?
12. What is the difference between a control group and an experimental group?
13. What is a variable?
14. What are the characteristics of life?
15. What is the difference between a prokaryot? and a eukaryote?
Topic 2: Chemistry
1. What does the atomic number tell you about an atom?
2. What does the atomic mass tell you about an atom?
a. Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic mass of 16
i. How many protons does one atom of oxygen have?
ii. How many electrons (assuming it is neutral!)?
iii. How many neutrons?
3. What is the charge of a proton?______ and electron? ______ a neutron? _______
4. In a neutral atom, the number of protons always equals the number of ____________.
5. What is an ion?
a. How is a positive ion formed?
b. How is a negative ion formed?
6. What is the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond?
7. What is an Element?
8. What is a compound?
9. What is a mixture?
10. Look at the following chemical equation: 2H20 + O2  2H2O2
a. How many different kinds of atoms are shown?
b. What are the reactants?
c. What are the products?
d. How many of each atom are shown?
11. What information does a chemical formula tell you?
12. In the example formula: H2SO4
a. What atoms make up this compound?
b. How many of each atom are there?
13. What number is neutral on the pH scale?
a. What range of numbers do acids fall in?
b. What range of numbers do bases fall in?
c. The concentration of what ion is being measured?
14. What is a neutralization reaction? What are the products?
15. What is a solution?
a. Which part is the solute?
b. Which part is the solvent?
Topic 3: Biochemistry
1. What elements must be in a compound for it to be an organic compound?
2. What is a monomer?
3. What is a polymer?
4. What is a macromolecule? Why are many organic compounds considered to be
macromolecules?
5. Identify the name of the monomer for each molecule below:
a. Carbohydrates:
b. Proteins:
c. Nucleic acids:
6. What are the parts of a lipid?
7. What are some examples of each of the following:
a. Carbohydrates:
b. Lipids:
c. Proteins:
d. Nucleic Acids:
8. Classify each of the following as a carb, lipid, protein or nucleic acid
a. Glucose
b. Fructose
c. Oils
d. Fats
e. Ear wax
f. DNA
g. RNA
h. Enzymes
i. Glycogen
j. Starch
k. Disaccharide
i. Define the above term:
l. Polypeptide
i. Define the above term:
9. Is water polar or nonpolar?
10. What does it mean to be polar?
11. What kind of substances dissolve in polar substances? Are fats polar or nonpolar?
12. What is an enzyme?
13. To what class of compounds do enzymes belong?
14. What effect do enzymes have on a chemical reaction?
15. What factors affect enzyme action?
16. What does substrate mean?
17. What is the active site of an enzyme?
Topic 4: The cell
1. What are the three main points of the cell theory
2. Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes
a. What is the main difference?
b. What structures are found in prokaryote cells?
c. What are some examples of prokaryote cells?
3. Complete the following chart:
Organelle Name:
Function of organelle
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic
reticulum (smooth
vs. rough)
Type of cells that
contain this organelle
Ribosome
Golgi
Lysosomes
Mitchondria
Vacuoles
Cilia and flagella
Microtubules and
microfilaments
Centrioles
Chloroplast
4. Draw a diagram of the phospholipid bilayer with the following parts: phospholipids,
proteins, cholesterol and carbohydrates.
a. why is it called a fluid mosaic model? Phospholipids can move around in
a semi fluid state, and the membrane is embedded with a mosaic of
various proteins and molecules.
5. What does “selectively permeable” mean? Which structure is described as selectively
permeable?
6. The five layers of organization in a multicellular organism are: cell  Tissue  organs
 organ systems  organism
7. Define the following terms:
a. Tissue:
b. Organ:
Topic 5: Cell transport
1. What is the difference between Active and passive transport?
2. What is diffusion? Is it active or passive?
3. What is a concentration gradient?
4. What does equilibrium mean?
5. What is osmosis? Is it active or passive?
6. If a plant cell loses too much water and shrivels it is called
_________________________.
7. If an animal cell swells up to the point that it pops it is called _____________________.
8. What is turgor pressure?
9. How is facilitated diffusion different from regular diffusion? Is it active or passive?
10. What is endocytosis?
a. Phagocytosis?
b. Pinocytosis?
11. What is exocytosis?
12. Fill in the following chart
Type of solution
Where is there
more solute
Where is there
more solvent
(water)
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Isotonic
Topic 6: Photosynthesis and Cell respiration
1. What is photosynthesis
a. Where in the cell does it take place?
In what direction
does the water
move
What happens to
the cell?
b. What are the reactants?
c. What are the products?
2. What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
3. What is AEROBIC cellular respiration?
a. Where in the cell does it take place? mitochondria
b. What are the reactants?
c. What are the products?
4. Compare and contrast the overall equations for photosynthesis and aerobic cellular
respiration.
5. How is aerobic respiration different from anaerobic respiration?
6. What is another name for anaerobic respiration?
7. Where in the cell does fermentation happen?
8. There are two types of fermentation:
a. What are they?
b. Which one is responsible for muscle soreness because it produces lactic acid?
c. Which one is responsible for making bread rise and for making products like wine
or beer?
9. What word means “glucose splitting?” Where in the cell does this take place?
Topic 7: Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis
1. What happens in each of the following stages:
a. Interphase:
b. Mitosis:
c. Cytokinesis
2. What are the three sub-phases of Interphase? What happens in each?
3. List the 4 phases of Mitosis and the MAIN events that happen in each.
4. How is cytokinesis different in plants and animals?
5. What structures are found in animal cells, but not plant cells during mitosis?
6. What is cancer?
a. What is the overall cause of cancer? mutations
7. Fill in the chart below to compare mitosis and meiosis:
Mitosis
What type of cells go through
this process?
How many divisions take
place?
How many cells do you have
at the end?
Are the cells at the parent cells
haploid or diploid?
Are the daughter cells haploid
or diploid?
Are the daughter cells the
same as the parent cells?
Topic 8: DNA/RNA:
1. What are the major components of a nucleotide in both RNA and DNA?
2. What are the types of bonds that hold the parts of the nucleotide together?
3. Describe the steps in DNA replication?
4. Why does DNA replication take place?
5. What is the central dogma?
6. What is transcription and what are the steps?
7. What is translation and what are the major steps?
Location
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Role
Shape/Make-up
Type of Enzyme
Helicase
DNA Polymerase
Ligase
RNA Polymerase
Involved in which process?
Job/Role