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CHAPTER 9: THE MOLECULES THAT MAKE YOU WHAT YOU ARE: NUCLEIC ACIDS,
PROTEINS AND HORMONES
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA Structures and Properties
9.1: The basic units of DNA and RNA are nucleotides
9.2: Nucleotides form biological polymers
9.3: DNA is a double helix
DNA: The Genetic Message
9.4: The nucleotide structure of DNA carries information
9.5: Specific sequences of nucleotides are genes
*9.6: The Human Genome Project
Discussion Point: Who owns your genes?
RNA: The Genetic Message Translator
9.7: Genetic information goes from DNA to RNA to protein
9.8: Information on DNA is transferred to mRNA
9.9: RNA codons dictate a protein’s sequence of amino acids
9.10: Ribosomes build polypeptides
*9.11: Cells turn genes on and off
Tying Concepts Together: The base sequence of DNA determines
the amino acid sequence of a protein
The Genetic Message Expressed I: Protein Form
9.12: Proteins are polyamides
9.13: Polypeptides are short chains of amino acids
9.14: Protein shapes are determined by interactions
*9.15: Your hair curls due to disulfide bridges and hydrogen bonds
The Genetic Message Expressed II: Protein Function
*9.16: You need protein in your diet
*9.17: What’s a complete protein?
A Global/Local Perspective: Genetically Modified Food
9.18: Proteins have a variety of roles in the body
9.19: Enzymes are catalysts for biochemical reactions
9.20: Some proteins require additional molecules
The Genetic Message In Action
9.21: Mutations: When things go wrong
9.22: Cloning
Discussion Point: Cloning
*9.23: Proteins and DNA are used as evidence in legal proceedings
Discussion Point: What are the legal and ethical implications of
DNA collection and databases?
Steroids: Cholesterol, Sex Hormones, and Birth Control Pills
9.24: Testosterone is one of several anabolic steroids
Discussion Point: Should athletes be allowed to use Andro-6
and carbohydrate loading?
9.25: Contraceptive pills use female sex hormones
9.26: Cholesterol is naturally present in animals
*9.27: Lipoproteins contribute to heart disease risk
Group Activity: Extraction of DNA from wheat germ (or Extracting the DNA from Wheat
Germ)
Taking It Further: Altering a protein’s shape affects its functionality