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Biology
Notes
Name___________________
Date___________Hour_____
Translation
DNA
→
Replication
DNA
→
Transcription
mRNA
→
protein
Translation
In order for a cell to make a protein, DNA must be transcribed into ____________ and the mRNA
must then be translated into _____________. The processes of transcription and translation together
are called _________________________. The process of transcription occurs in the ____________
of a cell. Translation occurs at the ______________, which can be found free in the cytoplasm or
attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Proteins are polymers that are made of the monomers called ___________________. There are
______ amino acids that can be arranged in an infinite number of ways, therefore there are an infinite
number of possible proteins. The structure and ______________ of a protein is determined by its
sequence of amino acids.
Below are three types of RNA molecules involved in protein synthesis. Identify what each of the
names stands for. List the function each plays in translation
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Steps of Translation
1. mRNA attaches to a ribosome
2. Amino acids attach to tRNAs in the cytoplasm
3. tRNAs transport amino acids to mRNA
4. tRNA carrying a methionine attaches to the start codon (AUG)
 anticodon of tRNAs bind to the complimentary sequence on mRNA
5. Additional tRNAs bind to the complimentary sequence on mRNA
6. Amino acids on adjacent tRNAs bond to form a protein
7. Translation ends with a stop codon (UAA or UAG or UGA)
In the space below draw the steps involved in translation as the instructor demonstrates the process
on the board.