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Name: __________________________________________ Mrs. Piper: Unified Biology 1 Date: ____________________ Period: ______________ Unit 3 Nutrients of Life 1 A. Why do organisms need nutrients? 1. ________________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________________________________ 5. _________________________________________________________________ B. There are different types of nutrients – organic and inorganic – both are found in cells and allow them to perform reactions to maintain life. 1. Inorganic Compounds: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Examples: ___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ a. Water Has many important functions to maintain internal balance Up to _____________ of our bodies are water! b. Minerals Used in organisms to help perform certain functions. Examples: _____________________________________________________________ 2. Organic Compounds: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Types: 1. ___________________________________ 2. _____________________________________ 3. ___________________________________ 4. _____________________________________ 2 1. Carbohydrates Examples Building Blocks Uses Elements Chemical Indicator and Results 2. Lipids (fats) Examples Building Blocks Uses Elements Chemical Indicator and Results 3. Proteins Carry out most of the work in a cell. Protein molecules are long, folded chains made of 20 different _____________________________________ in a specific sequence. o The order of the amino acids determines the ________________ of the protein. o The _______________________ of a protein depends on its shape! 3 Proteins Examples Building Blocks Uses Elements Chemical Indicator and Results How do our cells use these nutrients??? Sometimes, an enzyme is used to help break them down or put them together! C. Enzymes Enzymes are ____________________________________ molecules that act as biological _____________________________ (reusable!). They are necessary for ALL chemical reactions to occur in cells! Enzymes have a specific ________________________ that allows it to act on a specific molecule ___________________________ Some enzymes help to build larger molecules by joining substrates together Other enzymes help to break substrates apart ______________________________________________ - where the enzymes joins with the substrate 4 Thought Question: Why might enzyme action be referred to as the ‘Lock and Key Model’ for enzyme action??? Answer: ________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ The rate at which enzymes work can be influenced by internal factors (inside your body) 1. ________________________________________________________________ o At high or low temperatures, enzymes may _______________________________ Enzyme changes __________________________ so it does not fit with the substrate o The reaction may slow down or stop The OPTIMUM (best) temperature for this enzyme is _________ degrees Celsius. 5 According to the graph, what is the optimum temperature for the human bacteria? _________ For the bacteria in the hot springs? ____________ 2. ________________________________________________________________________ o The pH an enzyme works best in is different for each enzyme 6 Optimum for typical human enzymes: ____________ Optimum for heattolerant bacteria: ____________ pH for pepsin: ____________ pH for trypsin: ____________ D. Reactions in Cells Chemical reactions are constantly occurring in cells, and they require ___________ These reactions allow cells to build new molecules and break others down in order to maintain homeostasis. The major reactions are called _________________________ and _________________________ 1. ____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ with the use of enzymes When joining the pieces together, ___________________________________ 7 Synthesis: 2. _____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ with the use of enzymes Occurs in digestion 8