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KC4. Allocentric means ‘self perspective’
a. True
b. False
KC5. Which of the following cells fire when the animal’s head is in a certain direction
relative to the environment?
a. Place Cells
b. Grid Cells
c. Head Direction Cells
d. Two of the above
e. None of the above
DM 4. Which of the following describes area VIP?
a. It is involved with integrating personal/egocentric spaces of the
somatosensory and visual inputs.
b. It has neurons that respond readily to both haptic stimulation of an area of
the face, as well as visual stimuli associated with that same area.
c. It has neurons that respond to both the onset, and removal, of certain stimuli
applied to the skin.
d. All of the above.
DM 5. Which lobe was involved for path centered representations in Nitz’ lecture?
a. Parietal cortex
b. Temporal lobe
c. Frontal lobe
d. None of the above.
JS 2. A position along a path can be defined in which of the following ways?
a. As a point in a space relative to the boundaries of the surroundings.
b. As a point along a path relative to other features of the path (turns, start/end
point).
c. As a point at a certain distance along a path relative to its whole length
(roughly X% along the path).
d. All of the above.
e. None of the above.
JS 5. True or False Many reference frames are used simultaneously to construct a
spatial map in the brain.
a. True
b. False
WC 1. What is the neuron doctrine?
a. The neuron is the basic structural and functional unit of the brain.
b. The thalamus is the basic structural and functional unit of the brain.
c. The neocortex is the basic structural and functional unit of the brain.
d. The layers of neo-cortex are the basic structural and functional unit of the
brain.
e. None of the above.
WC 2. Hippocampal place cells:
a. Map the animal’s position in an egocentric frame of reference.
b. Map the animal’s position relative to the environment.
c. Exhibit multiple response fields arranged geometrically in a hexagonal
fashion.
d. a and c
e. b and c
WC 3. Hemi-neglect is most often associated with damage to the ____ parietal
cortex and is associated with neglect of the _____ visual field. Hemi-neglect ______
also apply to object space.
a. left; left; does
b. right; right; does not
c. left; right; does not
d. right; left; does
e. none of the above
WC 4. While head direction cells, place cells, and grid cells all help orient the self in
an environment. Which of these cells is sensitive to rotation of the environment?
a. Head direction cells
b. Place cells
c. Grid cells
d. None of them are sensitive to rotation of the environment.
e. All of them are sensitive to the rotation of the environment.
WC 5. Tesselated triangles
a. The place cell are arranged according to the nodes of a set of ‘tesselated’
triangles.
b. A tessellation is a pattern of plane figures that fills the plane with no overlaps
and no gaps.
c. The head direction cell are arranged according to the nodes of a set of
‘tesselated’ triangles.
d. a and b
e. All of the above
BT1. Which of the following is NOT a cue used to for depth perception?
a. Motion parallax
b.
c.
d.
e.
Stereopsis
Texture Gradient
Occlusion
Retinal convergence
BT2. Which of the following types of sensory inputs does NOT contribute to spatial
perception?
a. Somatosensory (skin)
b. Visual (eyes)
c. Proprioception
d. Exteroception
e. None of the above
LS1. Specifically, episodic memories are:
a. Memories for events and the order in which they occur
b. Memories for motor skills such as riding a bicycle
c. Memories for facts such as those learned in a classroom
d. Memories of locations on a map
e. Memories for faces
LS 2. Which of the following is NOT used for depth perception
a. Motion parallax
b. Texture gradient
c. Episodic memory
d. Retinal disparity
e. Occlusion
LS 3. Each of the following refers to an arbitrary frame of reference EXCEPT:
a. Allocentric
b. Route-centered
c. Object-centered
d. Retinal space
e. World-centered
LS 4. T/F the sensory homunculus is an example of an allocentric map
a. True
b. False
LS 5. Which area of the brain has neurons that respond conjunctively to stimuli
presented to the visual system and the somatosensory system in the same
egocentric space?
a. Hippocampus
b. Occipital lobe
c. Temporal lobe
d. Entorhinal cortex
e. Parietal cortex
SD2: What is the egocentric frame of reference?
a. Space as it pertains to some part of the body such as the retina or your skin.
b. Space as it pertains to such that every object has its own space.
c. Space as it pertains to routes that are traveled frequently.
d. Absolute space or world centered
SD4: What does area VIP do?
a. Calculates the allocentric representation of space.
b. It is responsible for both visual and tactile information processing.
c. Contains a map of the egocentric space that extends beyond the body.
d. Maps out head direction in the world centered frame of reference.
e. both b & c
SD5: What structure keeps tracks of the output from head direction cells?
a. Cingulate Cortex
b. Hippocampus
c. Area VIP
d. Entorhinal Cortex
DO NOT USE
(Badly phrased)
KC1. Which of the following ways of telling depth perception do we use objects in
our visual field that are behind or in front of one another?
a. Depth perception
b. Motion parallax
c. Retinal disparity
d. Occlusion
e. None of the above
(Incorrect)
KC2. What is an area of the hippocampus that keeps track of our head direction
cells?
a. Entorhinal cortex
b. Amygdala
c. Occipital lobe
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
(badly phrased)
KC3. Which of the following types of cells form firing patterns that are in the shape
of tessellated triangles?
a. Head Direction Cells
b. VIP cells
c. Grid Cells
d. Place Cells
e. None of the above
(Huh?)
DM1. The shape and limits of the body is an _________ space, and the sum of all
current states (contracted or expanded) of the muscles of the body is an _________
space.
a. egocentric, egocentric
b. allocentric, egocentric
c. egocentric, allocentric
d. allocentric, allocentric
(Needs context for this sentence to make sense)
DM 2. Route centered navigation employs a(n) ______ frame.
a. World-centered
b. View-centered
c. Egocentric
d. Arbitrary
(this is an area of active research/debate)
DM 3. Place cells allow the organism to infer its location with reference to
a. Every location it has ever been in since a certain age
b. Every location it has been in for a certain time period back
c. The current environment
d. Some object it is observing
(Too specific & speculative)
JS 1. One reason proposed by Dr. Nitz for spatial-coding neurons’ tessellated triangle
(hexagonal) organization is:
a. This organization is natural for filling space with round objects (“oranges in a
crate”).
b. This allows efficient transfer of electrical signals.
c. This arrangement reflects the topological representation of these neurons
onto the body.
d. This is the natural orientation of all neurons throughout the brain, including
these.
e. Evolution of this organization was selected for due to the prevalence of
hexagons in the natural environment.
(not quite right)
JS 3. The path a rat takes can be determined by examining the electrical activity of
which neurons in its brain?
a. Head direction cells
b. Allocentric tracking cells
c. Occipital attenuation cells
d. Wernicke’s area
e. Olfactory bulb cells
(too vague)
JS 4. One possible way some mammals may code for a third dimension in spatialcoding cell arrays is to:
a. Organize their cells into rectangles.
b. Employ their prefrontal cortex to encode a different orientation.
c. Enlarge their entorhinal cortex as needed.
d. All of the above.
e. None of the above.
(redundant)
BT3. Neurons fire when a monkey perceives a stimulus at specific parts of their
personal space as well as sensory activities in the same area. Neuronal activity to
piece together somatosensory and visual systems occurs in:
a. Ventral intraparietal lobe
b. Lateral intraparietal lobe
c. Medial intraparietal lobe
d. Dorsolateral parietal lobe
e. Ventral lateral parietal lobe
(Not clear what the right answer is)
BT4. Which of the following is true about head direction cells?
a. They have response fields corresponding to tessellated triangle patterns.
b. They are primarily located in the entorhinal cortex of the brain.
c. The faster an individual is walking in a certain direction, the stronger the
activity would be.
d. They are a key part of mapping the egocentric frame of reference.
e. The firing pattern is finely tuned to the exact location in a certain
environment.
(redundant)
BT5. True or False: The Neuron Doctrine states that the neuron is the most basic,
fundamental component of the central nervous system.
a. True
b. False
(redundant)
SD1: True or False: There is only one way that your brain maps space.
a. True
b. False
(too specific)
SD3: What was one of the benefits Prof. Nitz discussed for how we study neuronal
communication in rats?
a. Similarly as to humans we study groups of neurons and average the
responses.
b. We can selectively record from one specific neuron in a rat.
c. We can record from a selective group of neurons in the rat .
d. Rat brains are similar in structure to humans but smaller so it is more practice
to study.