Download Mock Exam 2 BY 123 - Cusic Supplemental Instruction

Mock Exam 2
BY 123 - Cusic
Supplemental Instruction
1. Which of the following are in accordance with the laws of thermodynamics?
a. Energy can’t be create be destroyed.
b. Things in nature move toward increasing Entropy.
c. Entropy of a system may increase as long as the total entropy of the universe increases.
d. Both A and B
e. All of the above
1. Conservation of Energy - Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
2. Free energy is declining. Things in nature go towards disorder or randomness or an increase in
Entropy.
If the entropy of a system increases then the total entropy of the universe must decrease
2. Spontaneous reactions require _________ and __________.
a. energy input/ the stability of the system increases
b. no energy input/ the stability of the system decreases.
c. no energy input/ the stability of the system increases.
d. energy input/ the stability of the system decreases.
Exergonic – Spontaneous or favored reaction, delta G less that 0… energy released/ no energy added
stability increases
Endergonic – Nonspontaneous, delta G greater than 0…. had to add energy/ stability decreases
3. Changes in free energy are directly proportional to _________ and inversely proportional to ________.
a. Entropy/ Enthalpy
b. Disorder/ Heat
c. Enthalpy/ Entropy
d. None of the above
As H increases so does delta G…. as S increases delta G decreases
4. If an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain a faster yield
of products is to _________.
a. heat the solution to 90 C
b. add more substrate
c. add a non competitive inhibitor
d. add an allosteric inhibitor
f. add more of the enzyme.
The only way to turn more substrates into products is by adding more enzymes so the substrates can
bind to the active sites and be converted into products
5. Enzymes are known as biological catalyst and _____________.
a. Increase delta G
b. Decrease delta G.
c. Increase activation energy
d. Decrease activation energy.
Catalysts only have kinetic properties… they don’t mess with themodynamics
6. Enzymes can turn __________.
a. Monosaccharaides into disaccharides
b. Disaccharides into monosaccharaides.
c. ADP into ATP.
d. ATP into ADP.
e. A and B only
f. All of the above
7. Enzymes can be affected by ___________.
a. Salt concentration
b. pH
c. Increase in temperature
d. Decrease in temperature
e. Only A B and C
f. All of the above
Temperature – denaturing of protein
pH – pepsin, trypsin
Salt Concentration – ions can alter the activity of enzymes
8. A molecule is added to a reaction containing enzymes and substrates. The molecule binds away
from the active site and changes the shape of the enzyme’s active site. This molecule is an example of
a _____________.
a. Competitive inhibitor.
b. Non-competitive inhibitor.
c. Additional enzyme
d. A cofactor
Noncompetitive inhibitors do not bind to the active sit but to somewhere else that ultimately changes the s
of the active site which in turn does not allow the substrate to fit in the active site
9. How many ATP’s are made from substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 1
d. 3
2 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerates to 3 phosphoglycerate ………….. 2 PEPs to Pyruvate
Direct coupling of a step in a catabolic reaction to make ATP by enzymatic transfer of the phosphate to ATP. Take
phosphate from a substrate and puts it on an ADP making it an ATP.
10. What is the reducing agent in the following reaction?
Pyruvate +NADH + H+  Lactate + NAD+
a. Oxygen
b. NADH
c. NAD+
d. Lactate
e. Pyruvate
Reducing agents get oxidized
11. Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose
molecule?
a. the citric acid cycle
b. the electron transport chain
c. glycolyis
d. synthesis of acytyl COA from pyruvate
e. reduction of pyruvate to lactate
Glycolysis occurs weather oxygen is present of not
12. True or false Glycolysis can occur only in the presence of oxygen?
False
Glycolysis can occur in the presence or absence of oxygen (fermentation)
13. The process of glycolysis takes place in the _______ of the cell and results in the creation of 2 ________
carbon molecules of ___________.
a. Mitochondria, 3 ,G3Ps
b. Cytosol, 2, Pyruvates
c. Mitochondria, 3, Pyruvates
d. Cytosol, 3, Pyruvates
14. The first 3 reactions of Glycolysis involve what kind of enzymes (from first to last)?
a. Isomerase, kinase, kinase (PFK)
b. Kinase, kinase, Isomerase
c. Isomerase, kinase, Isomerase
d. Kinase, Isomerase, Kinase (PFK)
15. A ________ enzyme is used to convert a molecule of _________ into G3P in glycolysis in order to enter
the energy payoff phase of Glycolysis.
a. Dehydrogenase, Pyruvate
b. Kinase, Glucose
c. Isomerase, PEP
d. Isomerase, Dehydroxy acetone phosphate
16. As a result of glycolysis how many NADH’s, gross ATP ‘s, and net ATP’s are made per G3P
molecule?
a. 2/2/4
b. 1/2/1
c. 2/1/2
d.1/2/1
2 NADH/ 4 gross ATP/ 2 NET ATP
17. The movement of Pyruvate into the Mitochondria is a(n) _________ form of transport?
a. Passive
b. Active
c. Cytosolic
d. Cooperative
Pyruvate is a charged molecule so in eukaryotic cells it must enter the mitochondrion via active
transport by way of a transport protein
18. ____________ connects coenzyme A onto pyruvate making it very reactive?
a. Oxygen
b. ATP
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Sulfur
19. How many electron carriers are produced by the oxidation of 4 pyruvate molecules?
a. 2 NAD+
b. 4 NAD+
c. 4 NADHs
d. 8 NADHs
20. Acteyl- COA meets with __________ to become _________ in the Krebb’s Cycle
a. Isocitrate, Citrate
b. Oxaloacetate, Succinyl- Coa
c. Isocitrate, Succinyl-Coa
d. Oxaloacetate, Citrate
21. How many FADH2s are generated if 7 Acetly COA’s were added to the mitochondria of a cell?
a. 14
b. 7
c. 21
d. 28
22. The complete oxidation of 8 glucose molecules would take _____ turns of the Krebb’s Cycle?
a. 8
b. 24
c. 12
d. 16
23. What class of enzyme is responsible for moving phosphate groups?
a. Kinase
b. Isomerase
c. Dehydrogenase
d. None of the above
24. What class of enzyme is responsible for the movement of electrons?
a. Kinase
b. Isomerase
c. Dehydrogenase
d. None of the above
25. What is reduced in the photosynthesis reaction?
6CO2 + 6H20  C6H12O6 + 602
a. CO2
b. H20
c. C6H12O6
d. 02
26. In humans the process of fermentation results in the creation of __________ from ___________.
a. NADH / lactate
b. ethanol / pyruvate
c. lactate /pyruvate
d. ATP / lactate
Bateria make ethanol
27. A soft drink provides 5 molecules of Citric acid, how many ATP’s are made from substrate level
phosphorylation?
a. 8
b. 10
c. 5
d. 7
1 ATP is made from each turn of the Krebb’s cycle
28. How many CO2 molecules enter per turn of the Calvin cycle?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 6
29. The color _____________ contains the _____________ energy and the ___________ wavelength.
a. Indigo/ highest/ shortest
b. Red/ lowest/ longest
c. Violet/ highest/ longest
d. Green/ lowest/ highest
ROYGBIV Violet = Highest energy… and shortest WL
30. The ___________ ring is found in the _________ of a cell and contains _____________ as an important
component?
a. Polyphorin/ cuticle/ chitin
b. polyphorin/ chlorophyll/ magnesium
c. Polyphorin/ cuticle/ magnesium
d. polyphorin/ chlorophyll / the stomata
31. Electrons found in photosystem 1 are replenished by _____________, those found in photosystem 2
are replenished by _____________.
a. the electron transport chain #1/ the splitting of water
b. the splitting of water/ the electron transport chain #1
c. the splitting of Water/ the electron transport chain #2
d. the electron transport chain #2/ the splitting of water
32. _____________ is used in to create ATP by the high H+ concentration in the __________ and the low H+
concentration in _____________ in animal cells. ____________ Is used in to create ATP by the high H+
concentration in the __________ and the low H+ concentration in _____________ in plant cells.
a. ATP synthase/ matrix/ intermembrane space/ ATP synthase/ Stroma/ Thylakoid memebrane
b. Proton Pump/ intermembrane space/ matrix/ ATP synthase/ intermemebrane space/ stroma
c. Proton pump / cytosol/ matrix/ Proton Pump/ outer membrane space/ thylakoid memebrane
d. ATP synthase/ intermemebrane space/ matrix/ ATP Synthase/ thylaloid space/ stroma
33. in order to make 5- 6 carbon molecules you would use _________ in the Calvin Cycle?
a. 30 CO2/ 90 ATP/ 60 NADH
b. 20 CO2/ 75 ATP/ 50 NADH
c. 30 CO2/ 90 ATP/ 60 NADPH
d. 32 CO2/ 90 ATP/ 55 NADPH
6 C02 per Glucose *5 = 30 9 ATP per 3 C02 *10 turns = 90 ATP, 6 *10 = 60 NADPH
34. How is photosynthesis similar in C4 and CAM plants?
a. in both cases, only photosystem 1 is used
b. Both types of plants make sugar without the Calvin Cycle
c. In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially
d. Both types of plants make most of their sugar in the dark
e. In both cases, thylakoids are not involved in Photosynthesis
35. Both cylcin concentration and MPF activity are highest during __________.
a. S
b. G2
c. G1
d. M
36. The drug cytochalasin B blocks the function of actin. Which of the following aspects of the cell
cycle would be most disrupted?
a. DNA Synthesis
b. Spindle formation
c. Spindle attatchment
d. Cleavage furrow formation
e. Cell elongation during anaphase
37. An animal has 2n = 64. How many chromosomes are lined up at the metaphase plate in mitosis.
How many sister chromatids are present?
a. 32/ 64
b. 16/ 32
c. 64/ 128
d. 72/ 144
38. Meiosis I is the ____________ and Meiosis 2 is the ________________.
a. separation of chromatids/ separation of homologous chromosomes
b. Separation of homologous chromosomes/ separation of chromatids
c. crossing over of sister chromatids/ separation of chromosomes
d. separation of chromosomes/ crossing over of sister chromatids
39. During telophase I and cytokinesis _____________.
a. Homologous chromosomes separate
b. Cells become haploid instead of diploid
c. Human cells go to 2n = 23
d. Both A and B
e. All of the above
c. should be n =23 which is diploid
40. A cell that is 2n = 6 results in __________ cells with __________ chromosomes at the end of meiosis II?
a. 2/4
b. 4/3
c. 4/4
d. 2/3
41. When does crossing over occur in meiosis?
a. Prophase II
b. metaphase I
c. metaphase II
d. Prophase I
42. Which meiotic process is most similar to mitosis?
a. M1
b. M2
c. Crossing Over
d. Both B and C
Separation of Sister Chromatids
43. When in meiosis does a cells number go from diploid to haploid?
a. After M1 Cytokinesis
b. After M2 Cytokinesis
c. Cytokinesis of Mitosis
d. None of the above
44. What kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis?
a. an agent that binds to pyruvate and inactivates it
b. an agent that reacts with NADH and oxidizes it to NAD+
c. an agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose but is not metabolized
d. an agent that reacts with oxygen and depletes its concentration in the cell
45. One function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation is to _________.
a. reduce FADH2 to FAD+
b. oxidize NADH to NAD+
c. reduce FAD+ to FADH2
d. Reduce NAD+ to NADH
46. When comparing prophase I of meiosis with prophase of mitosis, which of the following occurs
only in meiosis?
a. The chromosomes condense.
b. Tetrads form.
c. The nuclear envelope disassembles.
d. A spindle forms.
e. Each chromosome is composed of two chromatids.
47. Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?
a. chromosome replication
b. synapsis
c. production of daughter cells
d. alignment of tetrads at metaphase plate
e. both B and D