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Unit Plan Template Note: Type in the gray areas. Unit Author First and Last Name Karen Robinson Author's E-mail Address [email protected] Course Name(s) Biology I Course Number(s) 1300 Course Section(s) 01 School City, State, Zip Ridgeland High School, Mississippi 39110 Instructor Name(s): Richard Holden Unit Overview Unit Plan Title Evolution of Populations Curriculum-Framing Questions Essential Question How can populations evolve to form new species? How do genes make evolution possible? What causes a population’s gene pool to change? Unit Questions How do new species form? What can genes tell us about an organism’s evolutionary history? Unit Summary Evolution is a change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time. Three sources of genetic variation are mutation, genetic recombination during sexual reproduction, and lateral gene transfer. The number of phenotypes produced for a trait depends on how many genes control the trait. Natural selection on single-gene traits can lead to changes in allele frequencies and thus to changes in phenotype frequencies. Natural selection on polygenic traits can affect the relative fitness of phenotypes and thereby produce one of three types of selection: directional selection, stabilizing selection, or disruptive selection. In small populations, individuals that carry a particular allele may leave more descendents than other individuals leave, just by chance. Over time, a series of chance occurrences can I N T E L ® T E A C H T O © 2001 Intel. All rights reserved. T H E F U T U R E 1 cause an allele to become more or less common in a population. The Hardy-Weinberg principle predicts that five conditions can disturb genetic equilibrium and cause evolution to occur: (1) nonrandom mating, (2) small population size, (3) immigration or emigration, (4) mutations, or (5) natural selection. When populations become reproductively isolated, they can evolve into two separate species. Reproductive isolation can develop in a variety of ways, including behavioral isolation, geographic isolation, and temporal isolation. Speciation in Galapagos finches, most likely occurred by founding of a new population, geographic isolation, changes in the new population’s gene pool, behavioral isolation, and ecological competition. A molecular clock uses mutation rates in DNA to estimate the time that two species have been evolving independently. One way in which new genes evolve is through the duplication and then modification of existing genes. Small changes in Hox gene activity during embryological development can produce large changes in adult animals. Subject Area(s): (List all subjects that apply) Biology I Grade Level (Click boxes of all grade levels that apply) K-2 6-8 ESL Gifted and Talented 3-5 9-12 Resource Other: Student Objectives/Learning Outcomes Define evolution in genetic terms. Identify the main sources of genetic variation in a population. State what determines the number of phenotypes for a trait. Explain how natural selection affects single gene and polygenetic traits. Describe genetic drift. Explain how different factors affect genetic equilibrium. Identify the types of isolation that can lead to the formation of new species. Describe the current hypothesis about Galapagoes finch speciation. Explain how molecular clocks are used. Explain how new genes evolve. Describe how Hox genes may be involved in evolutionary change. Targeted State Frameworks/Content Standards/Benchmarks I N T E L ® T E A C H T O © 2001 Intel. All rights reserved. T H E F U T U R E 2 4b Differentiate between types of cellular reproduction. 6b Critique data to develop an understanding of evolutionary processes and patterns. 6d Analyze and explain the roles of natural selection. Procedures TTW use Powerpoint Evolution TTW use SATP overheads on Evolution TSW use Evolution handout TSW work Chapter 17 workbook TSW define Chapter 17 vocabulary TSW research Charles Darwin and peers related to evolution TSW write a position paper on if they agree or disagree with Darwin’s finds on evolution Approximate Time Needed (Example: 45 minutes, 4 hours, 1 year, etc.) 450 minutes (5 block periods-90 minutes each) Prerequisite Skills Materials and Resources Required For Unit Technology – Hardware (Click boxes of all equipment needed.) Camera Laser Disk Computer(s) Printer Digital Camera Projection System DVD Player Scanner Internet Connection Television VCR Video Camera Video Conferencing Equip. Other: Technology – Software (Click boxes of all software needed.) Database/Spreadsheet Image Processing Desktop Publishing Internet Web Browser E-mail Software Multimedia Encyclopedia on CD-ROM Web Page Development Word Processing Other: Power pt Printed Materials Workbook A, Evolution handouts Supplies Animal bones Internet Resources biologyjunction.com I N T E L ® T E A C H T O © 2001 Intel. All rights reserved. T H E F U T U R E 3 Others Accommodations for Differentiated Instruction Resource Student Spanish dictionary for ELL students Gifted Student Research project related to endosymbiotic theory Student Assessment USATESTPREP assessments, Chapter 17 test Page 4 of 4