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Trusso Chapter 16 Study Notes Evolution of Populations Name___________________ Period____________________ I - Genes and Variation – The two main sources for genetic variation are ________ and __________________. a) Genes control ____________ traits. Changes in genes produce__________ variation. b) Genes come in at least two forms or ___________. Animals such as horses usually have _______________________________________________________________. i – Variation and Gene Pools - A population is ______________________________________________________________________________________________. a) gene pool: b) relative frequency of an allele: ii – Sources of Genetic Variation: Describe the two main sources for genetic variation in detail a) b) iii - Single-Gene and Polygenic Traits The number of phenotypes for a given trait depends on ___________________________ __________________________________________________________________ a)Describe a single gene trait in humans, include what is dominant and what the phenotype looks like. b)Polygenic traits are __________________________________________. II Evolution as Genetic Change – Evolutionary fitness is ___________________ ____________________________________________________________-______. Evolutionary adaptation is ___________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________. i) Natural Selection on Single-Gene Traits - Natural selection on single-gene traits can ________________________________________________________-_____________________________________________________________________. ii) Natural Selection on Polygenic Traits – can affect _____________________________________________________________________. a)directional selection – provide and example b) stabilizing selection – provide definition c) disruptive selection – provide example iii Genetic Drift Occurs when an allele ________________________________ _______________________________________________________________. iiii Evolution verses genetic equilibrium Define the Hardy-Weinberg principle _______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ . Discuss the five conditions that the Hardy Weinberg principle hold. 1 2 3 4 5 III Process of Speciation explains how _____________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________. i) isolating mechanisms - gene pools of species must _________ __________ for them to become__________ ____________. Define reproductive isolation.__________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ . a) behavioral isolation occurs when _____________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ b) geographic isolation two populations are ______________________________ ________________________________________________-________________-_____. c) temporal isolation occurs when ___________________________________. ii) Testing Natural Selection in Nature in your own words summarize the field work of the Grants regarding the finches speciation, page 406-409. Include variation, and natural selection – you may use drawings to assist your explanation.