Download Benchmark Concepts- 1st 9 weeks

Benchmark Concepts- 1st 9 weeks
Unit 1 Part 1 Experimental Design
Vocabulary: Independent variable, Dependent variable, Variables
Control Group, Experimental Group, Hypothesis, Theory, Observation
TEKS: PROCESS SKILLS: B.1A, B.2B, B.2D, B2F, B2G, B3C, B3D, B3E, B3F
Knowledge and Skills:
1. Demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field investigations
2. Know that hypotheses are tentative and testable statements that must
be capable of being supported or not supported by observational evidence.
3. Distinguish between scientific hypotheses and scientific theories
5. Collect and organize qualitative and quantitative data and make
measurements with accuracy and precision using tools such as
calculators, spreadsheet software, data-collecting probes, computers,
standard laboratory glassware, microscopes, various prepared slides,
stereoscopes, metric rulers, electronic balances, gel electrophoresis
apparatuses, micropipettors, hand lenses, Celsius thermometers, hot
plates, lab notebooks or journals, timing devices, cameras, Petri dishes,
lab incubators, dissection equipment, meter sticks, and models,
diagrams, or samples of biological specimens or structures
6. Analyze, evaluate, make inferences, and predict trends from data
7. Draw inferences based on data related to promotional materials for
products and services
8. Evaluate the impact of scientific research on society and the environment
9. Evaluate models according to their limitations in representing biological
objects or events
10. Research and describe the history of biology and contributions of scientists.
Unit 1 Part 2 Biochemistry
Vocabulary: Organic molecule, Biomolecule, Monomer, Polymer,
Carbohydrates, Monosaccharide, Polysaccharide, Sugar, Starch, Cellulose,
Lipids, Fatty acid, Proteins, Amino acid, Nucleic acids, Nucleotide,
Enzymes, Catalyst, Substrate, Activation Energy
Enduring Understandings:
o Biomolecules are involved in metabolic process and energy
conversions that occur in living organisms.
o Almost all reactions in a cell are catalyzed by enzymes.
TEKS: Readiness B.9A: Supporting: B.9C: Supporting: B.9D
Knowledge and Skills:
1. Know that biomolecules are organic molecules that are made up of
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sometimes phosphorus.
2. Compare the structures and functions of different biomolecules.
3. Relate the major role of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
acids to the biological structure and metabolism of an organism.
4. Investigate the role of enzymes.
Essential Questions (Unit 1 Part 2):
1. What elements are organic molecules made of?
2. What are the structures and building blocks of the four biomolecules?
3. What is the function of each biomolecule in an organism?
4. How is the structure of each biomolecule related to its function?
5. What are enzymes and why are enzymes necessary for organisms?
6. What is the role of enzymes in biological processes?
Unit 2 Cell Structure and Function
Vocabulary: Cell, Prokaryote, Eukaryote, Organelle, Nucleus, Cell
membrane, Cell wall, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Ribosome, Golgi body,
Endoplasmic reticulum, Lysosome, Vacuole, Chloroplast
Enduring Understandings:
o Cells are an organism’s basic unit of structure and function.
o Cells have specialized parts that perform specific functions.
TEKS: Readiness B4B: Supporting B.4A
Knowledge and Skills:
1. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
2. Examine and compare different types of cells.
Essential Questions:
1. How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells the same? How are they
different?
2. How do eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells compare in scale?
3. How are eukaryotic cells more complex than prokaryotic cells?
4. What are the functions of the organelles found in prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells?
Unit 3 Viruses
Vocabulary: Virus, Capsid, Retrovirus, Lytic cycle, Lysogenic cycle
Enduring Understandings:
o Viruses are not living and are different from cells.
TEKS: Readiness:B.4C
Knowledge and Skills:
1. Compare and contrast viruses and cells.
2. Know that viruses reproduce by taking over normal healthy
cells and injecting their genetic material into the cells.
3. Know that the basic structures of a virus include a capsid,
protein coat, envelope, and DNA or RNA.
Essential Questions:
1. How are viruses and cells similar?
2. How are the structures of viruses different from cells?
3. Why is a virus not a cell?
4. How do viruses reproduce?
5. Why does a virus have to use a cell to replicate?
Unit 4 Cell Boundaries and Transport
Unit 5 Cell Energy
Vocabulary: Homeostasis, Active transport, Passive transport, Diffusion,
Osmosis, Isotonic, Hypotonic, Hypertonic, Facilitated diffusion, Selectively
permeable, Endocytosis, Exocytosis, Equilibrium, Concentration
Vocabulary: Energy, Matter, Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration,
Chloroplast, Mitochondria, ATP, ADP, Reactants, Products, Fermentation
Enduring Understandings:
o Cells maintain homeostasis through transportation across cellular
membranes
Enduring Understanding:
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration cycle matter and energy through
living systems.
TEKS: Supporting:B.9B; Readiness B4B
TEKS: Readiness B4B: Supporting B.4A
Misconceptions:
 Students often have a hard time remembering what cell structures are
involved in the cellular processes.
 Students often struggle to see that transport happens in plant cells
because of their cell wall.
 Students commonly get the ‘type’ of transport mixed up.
 Students struggle with the concept of concentration, what it means to be
high or low concentration.
Knowledge and Skills:
1. Investigate and explain cellular processes including homeostasis and
the transport of molecules.
2. Explain how homeostasis is the ability of the cell to regulate itself and
maintain the cell’s equilibrium.
3. Cells have semi-permeable membranes that regulate the movement of
dissolved molecules through it in order to maintain homeostasis.
4. Transport across membranes may not require energy (diffusion,
osmosis) or require energy (active transport).
Essential Questions:
1. What processes are crucial for the survival of a cell? An organism?
2. How does cell homeostasis in individual plant and animal cells
demonstrate an organism’s ability to maintain homeostasis as a
whole?
3. How does cell membrane structure work to move molecules across the
membrane passively and actively?
Knowledge and Skills:
1.
Energy in living things cannot be created or destroyed, and that
while the total amount of energy in the universe is constant, energy
decreases.
2.
Heat is the unusable form of energy for organisms and is produced
at each level of energy transformation, including photosynthesis.
3.
Carbon dioxide and oxygen cycle between cellular respiration and
photosynthesis.
4.
Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy.
5.
Cellular respiration convert chemical energy into ATP, or the energy
cells use to perform work.
6.
Plants create matter by chemically converting carbon dioxide into
sugars during photosynthesis.
7.
The chemical reaction for photosynthesis in the chloroplast is: 6CO2
+ 6H20 + (light energy) -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
8.
The process of cellular respiration takes place in all eukaryotic cells.
9.
The chemical reaction for cellular respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 ->
6CO2 + 6H20(+ 38 ATP).
10.
Photosynthesis converts energy from sunlight with water and
carbon dioxide to create sugar and oxygen.
11.
Cellular respiration breaks down the energy stored in glucose into
carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP.
12.
The reactants of cellular respiration are the products of
photosynthesis; the reactants of photosynthesis are the products of
cellular respiration.
Essential Questions:
1. What are the Laws of Energy and Matter?
2. What are the products and reactants of photosynthesis?
3. What are the products and reactants of cellular respiration?
4. How is the relationship between these two energy production
processes and indication of the interdependence of organisms?