Download unit in review genetics - Hutchison

SBI3U
Genetic Processes - Unit in Review
Review material in the following sections of the textbook and focus on the specific topics listed below:
-4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5
-5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.7
-6.1, 6.2, 6.3,
Key terms from the textbook that you need to know are indicated in bold face.
Heredity and Reproduction (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4)
-what heredity is and why it is important
-genes, traits, chromosomes, loci
-the importance of sexual reproduction in increasing variability and genetic diversity
-the difference between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction
-cloning plants and animals
-recognize diagrams showing the stages of meiosis
-how genetic variation increases due to the crossing over of homologous chromosomes during synapsis as well as
the random assortment of homologous chromosomes
-gametogenesis including 4 sperm produced during spermatogenesis and 1 egg produced during oogenesis
-using a karyotype to show genetic disorders caused by nondisjunction including trisomy and monosomy
-cytoplasmic inheritance including maternal inheritance and paternal inheritance
Mendelian Genetics (5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.7)
-Describing alleles as dominant or recessive and combinations of alleles as homozygous or heterozygous, and
describing the genotype and phenotype of an individual
-Using a punnett square and pedigree to analyze inheritance for monhybrid crosses and dihybrid crosses
-calculating the probability of finding the expression of a trait in the offspring using the product law
-how a test cross can be used to discover the genotype of the parent
-how complete dominance, incomplete dominance, and codominance affect the phenotype for heterozygous alleles
-how to recognize autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, x-linked and y-linked traits on a pedigree
-Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment
-Traits that show continuous variation vs. discontinuous variation
Genetics Beyond Mendel (6.1, 6.2, 6.3,)
 -key scientists that contributed knowledge about the structure of DNA and the creation a model of DNA including
Phoebus Levene (1920’s)
Joachim Hammerling 1930’s)
Barbara McClintock (1940’s)
Rosalin Franklin (1951)
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase (1952)
James Watson and Francis Crick (1953)
 The chemical composition of DNA made up of nucleotides including deoxyribose sugar, phosphate
group and nitrogenous base (A,T,G,C)
 Mutations induced by environmental agents and or spontaneous mistakes during cell division
can take the form of point mutations (substitutions, deletions and insertions), and
chromosome mutations
 Applications of DNA fingerprinting