BCHM 562, Biochemistry II
... 1. An important molecule in metabolism CH3C~SCoA 2. Its main use is to convey the C atoms within the acetyl group to the TCA cycle to be oxidized for energy production. 3. In chemical structure, acetyl-CoA is the thioester between coenzyme A (a thiol) and acetic acid (an acyl group carrier). 4. Acte ...
... 1. An important molecule in metabolism CH3C~SCoA 2. Its main use is to convey the C atoms within the acetyl group to the TCA cycle to be oxidized for energy production. 3. In chemical structure, acetyl-CoA is the thioester between coenzyme A (a thiol) and acetic acid (an acyl group carrier). 4. Acte ...
Multiple Choice Questions - Elmwood Park Public Schools
... A) the citric acid cycle. B) glycolysis. C) the electron transport system. D) fermentation. E) the preparatory reaction. 10. Which process produces both NADH and FADH2? A) the citric acid cycle B) glycolysis C) the electron transport system D) fermentation E) the preparatory reaction 11. Which proce ...
... A) the citric acid cycle. B) glycolysis. C) the electron transport system. D) fermentation. E) the preparatory reaction. 10. Which process produces both NADH and FADH2? A) the citric acid cycle B) glycolysis C) the electron transport system D) fermentation E) the preparatory reaction 11. Which proce ...
Learning Objectives
... What is the chemiosmotic model? Where are protons pumped? Through which complexes are protons pumped? What is the relationship between the number of electrons passed through the electron transport chain and the number of hydrogen ions pumped? What is a proton gradient? How is the proton gradient use ...
... What is the chemiosmotic model? Where are protons pumped? Through which complexes are protons pumped? What is the relationship between the number of electrons passed through the electron transport chain and the number of hydrogen ions pumped? What is a proton gradient? How is the proton gradient use ...
Exam 3
... 17. The standard free energy for the phosphorylation of glucose by creatine phosphate to make glucose-1-phosphate would be ________________ kJ. 18. _____________________ is a precursor for gluconeogenesis found in triacylglycerides. 19. The cofactor ______________________ is required for carboxylati ...
... 17. The standard free energy for the phosphorylation of glucose by creatine phosphate to make glucose-1-phosphate would be ________________ kJ. 18. _____________________ is a precursor for gluconeogenesis found in triacylglycerides. 19. The cofactor ______________________ is required for carboxylati ...
BY 330 Spring 2015Worksheet 4 Name the substrate ligand and
... The law of mass action describes enzymes that can work in more than one direction. Whichever direction the equilibrium lies, is the direction that enzyme will work in. For example, if there is too much product present, these enzymes will work in reverse and if there is too much substrate present, th ...
... The law of mass action describes enzymes that can work in more than one direction. Whichever direction the equilibrium lies, is the direction that enzyme will work in. For example, if there is too much product present, these enzymes will work in reverse and if there is too much substrate present, th ...
SI Worksheet #10 (Chapter 9) BY 123 Meeting 10/8/2015 Chapter 9
... During the last four steps of glycolysis, the phosphate groups of the molecules are transferred to ADP by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase creating ATP. This is done via the process of substrate-level-phosphorylation. 10. The three metabolic stages of cellular respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Citric A ...
... During the last four steps of glycolysis, the phosphate groups of the molecules are transferred to ADP by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase creating ATP. This is done via the process of substrate-level-phosphorylation. 10. The three metabolic stages of cellular respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Citric A ...
Photosynthesis
... Chemiosmotic Theory - Using the H ions (protons) in NADH and FADH2 to create a proton pump (pH gradient) in which channel proteins (ATP synthase) in the cristae generate energy to drive the formation of ATP’s by allowing the protons to flow back into the matrix from the cristae. The process in whic ...
... Chemiosmotic Theory - Using the H ions (protons) in NADH and FADH2 to create a proton pump (pH gradient) in which channel proteins (ATP synthase) in the cristae generate energy to drive the formation of ATP’s by allowing the protons to flow back into the matrix from the cristae. The process in whic ...
Citrátový cyklus a dýchací řetězec
... • CAC is a set of reactions which form a metabolic pathway for aerobic oxidation of saccharides, lipids and proteins. • Reduced equivalents (NADH, FADH2) are released by sequential decarboxylations and oxidations of citric acid. These reduced equivalents are used to respiratory chain and oxidative p ...
... • CAC is a set of reactions which form a metabolic pathway for aerobic oxidation of saccharides, lipids and proteins. • Reduced equivalents (NADH, FADH2) are released by sequential decarboxylations and oxidations of citric acid. These reduced equivalents are used to respiratory chain and oxidative p ...
PHARMACY BIOMEDICAL PREVIEW PROGRAM 2014
... • Also known as the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle and the Kreb’s Cycle. ...
... • Also known as the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle and the Kreb’s Cycle. ...
CELL RESPIRATION
... 6. Summarize in an equation the conversion of pyruvic acid into acetyl-CoA. Show how two of the six carbon atoms in the original glucose molecule have been released as CO2. Indicate whether or not this reaction is a redox reaction. 7. Draw a diagram of the Krebs Cycle which shows the reactions in wh ...
... 6. Summarize in an equation the conversion of pyruvic acid into acetyl-CoA. Show how two of the six carbon atoms in the original glucose molecule have been released as CO2. Indicate whether or not this reaction is a redox reaction. 7. Draw a diagram of the Krebs Cycle which shows the reactions in wh ...
Slide 1
... • The Transition Reaction (pyruvate acetyl CoA) – Acetyl Coenzyme-A: “central character” in metabolism (can be produced from carbohydrates, lipids, and certain amino acids) – Pyruvate converted to acetyl group (2C); loss of CO2 molecule – Coenzyme-A (CoA): a large thiol derived from ATP and pantot ...
... • The Transition Reaction (pyruvate acetyl CoA) – Acetyl Coenzyme-A: “central character” in metabolism (can be produced from carbohydrates, lipids, and certain amino acids) – Pyruvate converted to acetyl group (2C); loss of CO2 molecule – Coenzyme-A (CoA): a large thiol derived from ATP and pantot ...
File - Pedersen Science
... 11. Briefly summarize what happens during the process of glycolysis. ****For the LOVE OF SCIENCE and Everything Catalytic and Enzymatic**** Concept 9.3: The citric acid cycle complete the energy –yielding oxidation of organic molecules 12. Using figure 9.10, explain the conversion of pyruvate in the ...
... 11. Briefly summarize what happens during the process of glycolysis. ****For the LOVE OF SCIENCE and Everything Catalytic and Enzymatic**** Concept 9.3: The citric acid cycle complete the energy –yielding oxidation of organic molecules 12. Using figure 9.10, explain the conversion of pyruvate in the ...
Respiratory chain is the most productive pathway to make ATP
... Citric acid cycle cannot run unless acetyl group is fed into the cycle through an enzyme cofactor, acetyl coenzyme A. The catabolism of molecules from all three major foodscarbohydrate, protein and lipids-produces acetyl coenzyme A. Acetyl coenzyme A or acetyl CoA, is the fuel for citric acid cycle. ...
... Citric acid cycle cannot run unless acetyl group is fed into the cycle through an enzyme cofactor, acetyl coenzyme A. The catabolism of molecules from all three major foodscarbohydrate, protein and lipids-produces acetyl coenzyme A. Acetyl coenzyme A or acetyl CoA, is the fuel for citric acid cycle. ...
Cellular Respiration
... Electron move along the mitochondrial membrane from one protein to another NADH and FADH2 release electrons and their H+ ions This turns them into NAD+ and FAD H+ ions are sequestered in the inner mitochondrial space H+ ions diffuse down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase Oxygen is th ...
... Electron move along the mitochondrial membrane from one protein to another NADH and FADH2 release electrons and their H+ ions This turns them into NAD+ and FAD H+ ions are sequestered in the inner mitochondrial space H+ ions diffuse down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase Oxygen is th ...
Chapter 9
... Is a multienzyme complex E1: a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase E2: dihydrolipoyl transsuccinylase E3: dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ...
... Is a multienzyme complex E1: a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase E2: dihydrolipoyl transsuccinylase E3: dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ...
CSM 101 Fall 2010 Timeline
... Tight junctions: Specialized proteins in the plasma membrane line up and bind to one another. This is matched in the nearby cell. The proteins bind to each other and create a water tight seal between the two cells. This won’t allow solutions or any harmful object to pass through. ...
... Tight junctions: Specialized proteins in the plasma membrane line up and bind to one another. This is matched in the nearby cell. The proteins bind to each other and create a water tight seal between the two cells. This won’t allow solutions or any harmful object to pass through. ...
Module 10: Catabolism of Amino Acids
... At the end of this test there is a scheme of the glycolysis pathway. Just by the molecules involved in the pathway: a. Which step of the glycolysis pathway will yield a molecule of reduced NADH? b. Why does the overall glycolysis pathway yields two and not one molecule of NADH? Breaking down glycoge ...
... At the end of this test there is a scheme of the glycolysis pathway. Just by the molecules involved in the pathway: a. Which step of the glycolysis pathway will yield a molecule of reduced NADH? b. Why does the overall glycolysis pathway yields two and not one molecule of NADH? Breaking down glycoge ...
Krebs Cycle - USD Home Pages
... served as catalysts in O2 consumption and oxidative metabolism of glucose and pyruvate. • Szent-‐Gyorgyi determined the catalytic affect of small amounts of future TCA intermediates • Knoop (also key in fat ...
... served as catalysts in O2 consumption and oxidative metabolism of glucose and pyruvate. • Szent-‐Gyorgyi determined the catalytic affect of small amounts of future TCA intermediates • Knoop (also key in fat ...
Biochemical Systems Handout All living cells need energy to
... take place. In humans this energy is obtained by breaking down organic molecules such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. When the previous substances are broken down at molecular level, bonds breaking and forming between the atoms in the molecules release or require energy. The biochemical reactio ...
... take place. In humans this energy is obtained by breaking down organic molecules such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. When the previous substances are broken down at molecular level, bonds breaking and forming between the atoms in the molecules release or require energy. The biochemical reactio ...
Section 7-1
... 1. Aerobic respiration is the set of pathways in cellular respiration that require oxygen to break down pyruvic acid. 2. The mitochondrial matrix is the space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. 3. The Krebs cycle is a biochemical pathway that breaks down acetyl coenzyme A, producing CO2, ...
... 1. Aerobic respiration is the set of pathways in cellular respiration that require oxygen to break down pyruvic acid. 2. The mitochondrial matrix is the space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. 3. The Krebs cycle is a biochemical pathway that breaks down acetyl coenzyme A, producing CO2, ...
Metabolism08
... When completely broken down, each glucose molecule yields carbon dioxide, water, and ATP 30-32 ATP are formed by the complete break down of glucose ...
... When completely broken down, each glucose molecule yields carbon dioxide, water, and ATP 30-32 ATP are formed by the complete break down of glucose ...
BIOCHEMISTRY
... the muscle tissue has no O2 to which NADH can pass electrons. To recycle NADH to NAD +, which is essential for continuing glycolysis, something must happen (as painful as it might be –hint… hint). Illustrate with a chemical reaction what happens at this point. ...
... the muscle tissue has no O2 to which NADH can pass electrons. To recycle NADH to NAD +, which is essential for continuing glycolysis, something must happen (as painful as it might be –hint… hint). Illustrate with a chemical reaction what happens at this point. ...
BB350 Lecture 36 Highlights
... 3. Essential amino acids for an organism are those amino acids that the organism cannot synthesize themselves and must be in their diet. Humans have 10 amino acids considered essential. 4. Breakdown of amino acids (catabolism) is divided into those amino acids whose carbon backbone forms intermediat ...
... 3. Essential amino acids for an organism are those amino acids that the organism cannot synthesize themselves and must be in their diet. Humans have 10 amino acids considered essential. 4. Breakdown of amino acids (catabolism) is divided into those amino acids whose carbon backbone forms intermediat ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.