Homework 3-1 Reading Notes Campbell`s Chapter 9
... it needs. If there is a glut of certain amino acid, for example, the anabolic pathway that synthesizes the amino acid from an intermediate in the citric acid cycle is switched off. The most common mechanism for this control is __________________ ______________________. The _______ _______________ of ...
... it needs. If there is a glut of certain amino acid, for example, the anabolic pathway that synthesizes the amino acid from an intermediate in the citric acid cycle is switched off. The most common mechanism for this control is __________________ ______________________. The _______ _______________ of ...
Principles of Energy Harvest Redox reactions Oxidizing agent in
... Sequence of reactions that prevents energy release in 1 explosive step Electron route: food---> NADH ---> electron transport chain ---> oxygen ...
... Sequence of reactions that prevents energy release in 1 explosive step Electron route: food---> NADH ---> electron transport chain ---> oxygen ...
Note sheet Chap 5, Sect 3
... __3__ NADH; __2__ ATP; and __1___ FADH2 (another electron carrier) are produced. The __NADH___ and ___FADH2____ are electron carriers and store energy. Electron Transport Chain Electrons donated by __NADH__ and __FADH2__ pass to an electron transport chain in the _folds__ of the __mitochondrion_____ ...
... __3__ NADH; __2__ ATP; and __1___ FADH2 (another electron carrier) are produced. The __NADH___ and ___FADH2____ are electron carriers and store energy. Electron Transport Chain Electrons donated by __NADH__ and __FADH2__ pass to an electron transport chain in the _folds__ of the __mitochondrion_____ ...
UNIT 7 Metabolism and generation of ATP
... FADH2. Oxidation of these electron carriers in the mitochondrion generates most of the energy needed for ATP synthesis. Most vertebrate cells contain several hundred mitochondria, but the number can be as low as 1 and as high as 100,000. Mitochondria has an outer membrane, an inner membrane, an inte ...
... FADH2. Oxidation of these electron carriers in the mitochondrion generates most of the energy needed for ATP synthesis. Most vertebrate cells contain several hundred mitochondria, but the number can be as low as 1 and as high as 100,000. Mitochondria has an outer membrane, an inner membrane, an inte ...
rll 24.5 The citric ocid cycle
... This is what happens in the citric acid cycle: 1. Acetyl CoA and oxaloacetatecombine to form citrate. 2. Citric acid eventually loses two carbon atoms as carbon dioxide. The carbons in the two molecules of carbon dioxide are not the same carbons that entered the citric acid cycle as acetyl groups of ...
... This is what happens in the citric acid cycle: 1. Acetyl CoA and oxaloacetatecombine to form citrate. 2. Citric acid eventually loses two carbon atoms as carbon dioxide. The carbons in the two molecules of carbon dioxide are not the same carbons that entered the citric acid cycle as acetyl groups of ...
BIOCHEMISTRY (CHEM 360)
... Merritt’s dog Jinn has been starved for more than 12 hours, after which an increased level of alanine uptake is detected. Suggest a process and explain how and why alanine is metabolized. Identify the C-4 intermediate formed during the process. After 12 hours of starving the body needs to generate g ...
... Merritt’s dog Jinn has been starved for more than 12 hours, after which an increased level of alanine uptake is detected. Suggest a process and explain how and why alanine is metabolized. Identify the C-4 intermediate formed during the process. After 12 hours of starving the body needs to generate g ...
Chapter 20-Amino Acid Metabolism
... The other 9 (H I L K M F T W V) are essential. Arginine is essential only during growth. Tyr is not essential, but only because it can be readily synthesized from the essential Phe. → No special storage compartment- all are in functional proteins- last to use as energy source →Many of the amino acid ...
... The other 9 (H I L K M F T W V) are essential. Arginine is essential only during growth. Tyr is not essential, but only because it can be readily synthesized from the essential Phe. → No special storage compartment- all are in functional proteins- last to use as energy source →Many of the amino acid ...
Chapter 8-10 Review - Akron Central Schools
... from spinach leaves and used a syringe partially filled with water to pull the gases from the leaf disks so that all leaf disks sunk to the bottom of the syringe. Ten (10) leaf disks from the syringe were placed in each of four cups and covered with 50 ml of the solutions as indicated below. All lea ...
... from spinach leaves and used a syringe partially filled with water to pull the gases from the leaf disks so that all leaf disks sunk to the bottom of the syringe. Ten (10) leaf disks from the syringe were placed in each of four cups and covered with 50 ml of the solutions as indicated below. All lea ...
Introduction to the study of cell biology
... 1.The cycle uses acetyl CoA as the immediate substrate - this can come from beta oxidation of fatty acids OR from pyruvate via glycolysis. 2.The products are reducing molecules NADH and FADH2; GTP; CO2 and a molecule of oxaloacetate is regenerated. 3.One way of describing the stoichiometry of the TC ...
... 1.The cycle uses acetyl CoA as the immediate substrate - this can come from beta oxidation of fatty acids OR from pyruvate via glycolysis. 2.The products are reducing molecules NADH and FADH2; GTP; CO2 and a molecule of oxaloacetate is regenerated. 3.One way of describing the stoichiometry of the TC ...
Problem Set 2 (multiple choice) Biochemistry 3300 1. What classes
... 34. The conversion of Galactose to Glucose during galactose metabolism involves changing the configuration at a single carbon of the sugar. What is the name of the enzyme that catalyses this reaction? a) galactose-1-phosphate uridylyl transferase b) UDP-galactose-4-epimerase c) Phosphoglucomutase d) ...
... 34. The conversion of Galactose to Glucose during galactose metabolism involves changing the configuration at a single carbon of the sugar. What is the name of the enzyme that catalyses this reaction? a) galactose-1-phosphate uridylyl transferase b) UDP-galactose-4-epimerase c) Phosphoglucomutase d) ...
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... location of glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. 7. Compare and contrast the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts. ...
... location of glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. 7. Compare and contrast the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts. ...
-The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved
... -The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to _____. -During aerobic respiration, H2O is formed. Where does the oxygen atom for the formation of the water come from? -In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + ...
... -The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to _____. -During aerobic respiration, H2O is formed. Where does the oxygen atom for the formation of the water come from? -In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
... Ketone bodies are exported from the liver to other tissues to be used as fuel. ...
... Ketone bodies are exported from the liver to other tissues to be used as fuel. ...
Crustacean Physiology in Ribeirão Preto
... Acetyl CoA brings acetyl units into the citric acid cycle, where they are completely oxidized to CO2. Four pairs of electrons are transferred (three to NAD+ and one to FAD) for each acetyl group that is oxidized. Then, a proton gradient is generated as electrons flow from the reduced forms of these ...
... Acetyl CoA brings acetyl units into the citric acid cycle, where they are completely oxidized to CO2. Four pairs of electrons are transferred (three to NAD+ and one to FAD) for each acetyl group that is oxidized. Then, a proton gradient is generated as electrons flow from the reduced forms of these ...
Cellular Respiration PPT 12-13-Cooke
... • NADH and FADH2 from earlier give up electrons which goes through a series of carrier molecules to provide energy to produce ATP. • H+ ions are used to drive the process. They combine with O2 to produce H2O. ...
... • NADH and FADH2 from earlier give up electrons which goes through a series of carrier molecules to provide energy to produce ATP. • H+ ions are used to drive the process. They combine with O2 to produce H2O. ...
The citric acid cycle is the
... normally. This is of particular importance to the brain, which usually obtains all its energy from the aerobic oxidation of glucose in a pathway that necessarily includes the oxidation of pyruvate. • Beriberi脚气病, a disease that results from thiamine deficiency, is characterized by loss of neural fun ...
... normally. This is of particular importance to the brain, which usually obtains all its energy from the aerobic oxidation of glucose in a pathway that necessarily includes the oxidation of pyruvate. • Beriberi脚气病, a disease that results from thiamine deficiency, is characterized by loss of neural fun ...
Chapter 4 Cellular Respiration
... Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs) 2 Pyruvic acids from glycolysis diffuses into the mitochondria. ...
... Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs) 2 Pyruvic acids from glycolysis diffuses into the mitochondria. ...
U4L21 fuel oxidation - The University of Sydney
... • Substrate is acetyl CoA – Fatty acid oxidation and/or glucose oxidation ...
... • Substrate is acetyl CoA – Fatty acid oxidation and/or glucose oxidation ...
Review Packet CORRECT
... a. What goes into the Krebs cycle? Acetyl CoA, NAD+, FADH+, ADP + P b. What comes out of the Krebs cycle? CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, ATP c. What is another name for the Krebs cycle? Citric Acid Cycle ...
... a. What goes into the Krebs cycle? Acetyl CoA, NAD+, FADH+, ADP + P b. What comes out of the Krebs cycle? CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, ATP c. What is another name for the Krebs cycle? Citric Acid Cycle ...
Ch 9 Power Point - Cellular Respiration
... – Acetyl group of acetyl CoA added to oxaloacetate → Citrate – In several steps - CO2 is removed; NADH, FADH2, and ATP are produced – Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) – For each pyruvate that enters: • 3 NAD+ reduced to NADH • 1 FAD+ reduced to FADH2 • 1 ATP molecule • 2 CO2 – Remember: hav ...
... – Acetyl group of acetyl CoA added to oxaloacetate → Citrate – In several steps - CO2 is removed; NADH, FADH2, and ATP are produced – Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) – For each pyruvate that enters: • 3 NAD+ reduced to NADH • 1 FAD+ reduced to FADH2 • 1 ATP molecule • 2 CO2 – Remember: hav ...
Review Sheet Key - Spring Branch ISD
... NADH Carbon dioxide NADH ATP FAHD2 Citric Acid Water NAD+ FAD ATP Ethyl Alcohol Carbon dioxide NAD+ ...
... NADH Carbon dioxide NADH ATP FAHD2 Citric Acid Water NAD+ FAD ATP Ethyl Alcohol Carbon dioxide NAD+ ...
Test 2
... Stimulation of liver by the hormone glucagon results in several metabolic changes that lead to the increase in glucose synthesis and excretion by liver. One of these changes involves inhibition of glycolysis and stimulation of gluconeogenesis (i.e. the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to glucose). ...
... Stimulation of liver by the hormone glucagon results in several metabolic changes that lead to the increase in glucose synthesis and excretion by liver. One of these changes involves inhibition of glycolysis and stimulation of gluconeogenesis (i.e. the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to glucose). ...
File
... two G3P but 4 ATP are made while rearranging them into pyruvate; therefore, glycolysis has a net production of 2 ATP ...
... two G3P but 4 ATP are made while rearranging them into pyruvate; therefore, glycolysis has a net production of 2 ATP ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.