untitled file - Blue Earth Area Schools
... • NADH donates the high energy electron back to pyruvate to form either lactic acid or ethanol and CO2 • Then NAD+ is recycled and glycolysis can ...
... • NADH donates the high energy electron back to pyruvate to form either lactic acid or ethanol and CO2 • Then NAD+ is recycled and glycolysis can ...
2005
... precursor that has the same carbon skeleton and is a common metabolite such as an intermediate in glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, or the glyoxylate cycle. Identify 4 such amino acids and indicate their non-amino precursors. Non-amino precursor ...
... precursor that has the same carbon skeleton and is a common metabolite such as an intermediate in glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, or the glyoxylate cycle. Identify 4 such amino acids and indicate their non-amino precursors. Non-amino precursor ...
Cellular Respiration
... NADH and FADH2 carry hydrogen atoms and electrons to a series of compounds in the mitochondria that pump H+ ions into the intermembrane space. As H+ ions move through channels down the concentration gradient, ATP is ...
... NADH and FADH2 carry hydrogen atoms and electrons to a series of compounds in the mitochondria that pump H+ ions into the intermembrane space. As H+ ions move through channels down the concentration gradient, ATP is ...
Chapter 7 Review Name: Date: Question Answer Process that
... If oxygen is not present, pyruvate and NADH enter this metabolic Alcoholic fermentation pathway; produces carbon dioxide and ethanol; used by yeast and some plant cells ...
... If oxygen is not present, pyruvate and NADH enter this metabolic Alcoholic fermentation pathway; produces carbon dioxide and ethanol; used by yeast and some plant cells ...
KEY Glycolysis True or false. If false, indicate why 1. ____F___
... 2. ___T____ The initial molecule in the citric acid cycle is acetyl-CoA 3. ____F___ The citric acid cycle occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria 4. ____T___ 1 glucose molecule leads to 2 turns of the citric acid cycle and produce 2 ATP 5. ____F___ The citric acid cycle is a loosely control ...
... 2. ___T____ The initial molecule in the citric acid cycle is acetyl-CoA 3. ____F___ The citric acid cycle occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria 4. ____T___ 1 glucose molecule leads to 2 turns of the citric acid cycle and produce 2 ATP 5. ____F___ The citric acid cycle is a loosely control ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... Citric acid cycle: in mitochondrial matrix, oxidizes pyruvate to create CO2 Oxidative phosphorylation: mitochondrial matrix, e-’s to O2 and H+ = H2O and synthesizes ATP ...
... Citric acid cycle: in mitochondrial matrix, oxidizes pyruvate to create CO2 Oxidative phosphorylation: mitochondrial matrix, e-’s to O2 and H+ = H2O and synthesizes ATP ...
Document
... electrons to pyruvate. Reaction pathways that do this convert pyruvate to many other compounds, depending on the organism. ...
... electrons to pyruvate. Reaction pathways that do this convert pyruvate to many other compounds, depending on the organism. ...
Bio 7
... Know structure (outer and inner membrane, cristae, matrix, inner membrane space) Lysosomes – contain digestive enzymes Metabolism and enzymes What is an enzyme and why are they important? What is “energy of activation”, reactants, products? What has more stored chemical energy, ATP or ADP? Glycolysi ...
... Know structure (outer and inner membrane, cristae, matrix, inner membrane space) Lysosomes – contain digestive enzymes Metabolism and enzymes What is an enzyme and why are they important? What is “energy of activation”, reactants, products? What has more stored chemical energy, ATP or ADP? Glycolysi ...
THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... The citric acid cycle is highly efficient: From a limited number of molecules a large amounts ...
... The citric acid cycle is highly efficient: From a limited number of molecules a large amounts ...
Aerobic Respiration - East Muskingum Schools
... produces 2 ATP. The Kreb's cycle produces 2 ATP, and the electron transport chain produces 34 ATP. That gives a total of ____ATP when ____________ is available to the cell during aerobic respiration. ...
... produces 2 ATP. The Kreb's cycle produces 2 ATP, and the electron transport chain produces 34 ATP. That gives a total of ____ATP when ____________ is available to the cell during aerobic respiration. ...
The ATP-PCr energy system can operate with or without oxygen but
... is resynthesized by adding a phosphate to ADP in a process called phosphorylation. The enzyme that controls the break down of PCr is called creatine kinase. The ATP-PCr energy system can operate with or without oxygen but because it doesnt rely on the presence of oxygen = anaerobic. During the first ...
... is resynthesized by adding a phosphate to ADP in a process called phosphorylation. The enzyme that controls the break down of PCr is called creatine kinase. The ATP-PCr energy system can operate with or without oxygen but because it doesnt rely on the presence of oxygen = anaerobic. During the first ...
CHE 4310 Fall 2011
... 14. There are a variety of fairly common human genetic diseases in which enzymes required for the breakdown of fructose, lactose, or sucrose are defective. However, there are very few cases of people having a genetic disease in which one of the enzymes of glycolysis is severely affected. Why do you ...
... 14. There are a variety of fairly common human genetic diseases in which enzymes required for the breakdown of fructose, lactose, or sucrose are defective. However, there are very few cases of people having a genetic disease in which one of the enzymes of glycolysis is severely affected. Why do you ...
BIOCHEMISTRY (CHEM 360)
... shuttling them down their concentration gradient and across membranes. Which of the following might be the cause of cell death? (1) Disruption of secondary transport processes that depend on K+ ion concentration gradient. (2) Change in the pH of the bacterial cytosol. (3) Blocking of bacterial pores ...
... shuttling them down their concentration gradient and across membranes. Which of the following might be the cause of cell death? (1) Disruption of secondary transport processes that depend on K+ ion concentration gradient. (2) Change in the pH of the bacterial cytosol. (3) Blocking of bacterial pores ...
Biology 123 SI-Dr. Raut`s Class Session 10
... from NADH to the first molecule of the electron transport chain in complex one. From there the electrons flow down the electron transport chain. Every time the electrons move to a molecule, that particular molecule is reduced. When the electrons move on to the next molecule, the first molecule is o ...
... from NADH to the first molecule of the electron transport chain in complex one. From there the electrons flow down the electron transport chain. Every time the electrons move to a molecule, that particular molecule is reduced. When the electrons move on to the next molecule, the first molecule is o ...
Section 2.3 - Father Michael McGivney Catholic Academy
... backed up. • NADH cannot get recycled back to NAD+ to pick up more electrons. • Organisms have evolved a way to recycle NAD+ and allow glycolysis to continue. ...
... backed up. • NADH cannot get recycled back to NAD+ to pick up more electrons. • Organisms have evolved a way to recycle NAD+ and allow glycolysis to continue. ...
Citric Acid Cycle: Central Role in Catabolism Entry of Pyruvate into
... • Stage II of catabolism involves the conversion of carbohydrates, fats and aminoacids into acetylCoA • In aerobic organisms, citric acid cycle makes up the final stage of catabolism when acetyl CoA is completely oxidized to CO2. • Also called Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. • It is a ...
... • Stage II of catabolism involves the conversion of carbohydrates, fats and aminoacids into acetylCoA • In aerobic organisms, citric acid cycle makes up the final stage of catabolism when acetyl CoA is completely oxidized to CO2. • Also called Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. • It is a ...
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
... • Therefore, the two NADH molecules produce six ATP molecules total. So, the total number of ATP molecules formed from glycolysis is eight. When each molecule of pyruvic acid is oxidized, one molecule of NADH is produced. This occurs twice, since one glucose molecule splits into two molecules of py ...
... • Therefore, the two NADH molecules produce six ATP molecules total. So, the total number of ATP molecules formed from glycolysis is eight. When each molecule of pyruvic acid is oxidized, one molecule of NADH is produced. This occurs twice, since one glucose molecule splits into two molecules of py ...
BIO 330 Cell Biology Lecture Outline Spring 2011 Chapter 10
... D. Bacteria lack mitochondria Similar processes occur at the plasma membrane III. The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle A. Oxidation of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA Oxidative decarboxylation Pyruvate dehydrogenases (PDH) Produces 1 CO2 and 1 NADH per pyruvate B. Acetyl CoA enters the TCA cycle Citrate synthase for ...
... D. Bacteria lack mitochondria Similar processes occur at the plasma membrane III. The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle A. Oxidation of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA Oxidative decarboxylation Pyruvate dehydrogenases (PDH) Produces 1 CO2 and 1 NADH per pyruvate B. Acetyl CoA enters the TCA cycle Citrate synthase for ...
BIOCHEMISTRY (CHEM 360)
... The reaction below is a “post-glycolysis” step and can be interpreted as a means to metabolize excess pyruvate in anaerobic conditions (linked to question 8). ...
... The reaction below is a “post-glycolysis” step and can be interpreted as a means to metabolize excess pyruvate in anaerobic conditions (linked to question 8). ...
The Citric acid cycle (2)
... for regulation are the nonequilibrium reactions catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. The dehydrogenases are activated by Ca2+, which increases in concentration during muscular contraction and secretion, when there is incre ...
... for regulation are the nonequilibrium reactions catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. The dehydrogenases are activated by Ca2+, which increases in concentration during muscular contraction and secretion, when there is incre ...
Lecture 17/18 - Aerobic and Anaerobic Metabolism
... Lecture 17 “Cellular Respiration and Fermentation: Part I” PPT review: 1.) What are the 3 “stages” of cellular respiration? 2.) Is glycolysis an aerobic or anaerobic pathway? If you oxidize one molecule of glucose, what is the approximate net yield of ATP? 3.) The reactions of glycolysis can all be ...
... Lecture 17 “Cellular Respiration and Fermentation: Part I” PPT review: 1.) What are the 3 “stages” of cellular respiration? 2.) Is glycolysis an aerobic or anaerobic pathway? If you oxidize one molecule of glucose, what is the approximate net yield of ATP? 3.) The reactions of glycolysis can all be ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Vocabulary File
... Occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria Starting molecules: NADH and FADH2 and oxygen o Uses the NADH and FADH2 from the Kreb’s Cycle and another NADH from Glycolysis. Produces: Water and 32 ATP’s o FADH2 and NADH, release H’s so they can attach to oxygen and produce water 15) NADH & ...
... Occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria Starting molecules: NADH and FADH2 and oxygen o Uses the NADH and FADH2 from the Kreb’s Cycle and another NADH from Glycolysis. Produces: Water and 32 ATP’s o FADH2 and NADH, release H’s so they can attach to oxygen and produce water 15) NADH & ...
Lecture 26
... Gluconeogenesis Gluconeogenesis is the process whereby precursors such as lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, and amino acids are converted to glucose. Fasting requires all the glucose to be synthesized from these non-carbohydrate precursors. Most precursors must enter the Krebs cycle at some point to be ...
... Gluconeogenesis Gluconeogenesis is the process whereby precursors such as lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, and amino acids are converted to glucose. Fasting requires all the glucose to be synthesized from these non-carbohydrate precursors. Most precursors must enter the Krebs cycle at some point to be ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.