Citric Acid Cycle
... Electrons from these oxidation processes are then used to reduce oxygen to water with the concomitant formation of ATP. The unique structural aspects of mitochondria facilitate its energy-harvesting role. ...
... Electrons from these oxidation processes are then used to reduce oxygen to water with the concomitant formation of ATP. The unique structural aspects of mitochondria facilitate its energy-harvesting role. ...
Metabolic pathways are
... Citric Acid Cycle: Inner matrix of mitochondria (also called the Krebs cycle or the TCA cycle. ...
... Citric Acid Cycle: Inner matrix of mitochondria (also called the Krebs cycle or the TCA cycle. ...
Cellular Respiration - Science with Ms. Wood!
... The difference between fermentation and cellular respiration. The role of glycolysis in oxidizing glucose to two molecules of pyruvate The process that brings pyruvate from the cytosol into the mitochondria and introduces it into the citric acid cycle How the process of chemiosmosis utilizes t ...
... The difference between fermentation and cellular respiration. The role of glycolysis in oxidizing glucose to two molecules of pyruvate The process that brings pyruvate from the cytosol into the mitochondria and introduces it into the citric acid cycle How the process of chemiosmosis utilizes t ...
碩命題橫式 - 國立彰化師範大學圖書館
... (d). DAG binds a receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum, which releases Ca2+ and activates protein kinase C (e). phosphorylation of cellular proteins by protein kinase C produces cellular response ...
... (d). DAG binds a receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum, which releases Ca2+ and activates protein kinase C (e). phosphorylation of cellular proteins by protein kinase C produces cellular response ...
Chapter 7
... used up. If cells are short on oxygen, and thus cannot go through the electron transport chain, they will speed up glycolysis in order to utilize the ATP it can produce. However, this is not very efficient because most of the energy in the glucose molecule is not harvested. Glycolysis occurs in the ...
... used up. If cells are short on oxygen, and thus cannot go through the electron transport chain, they will speed up glycolysis in order to utilize the ATP it can produce. However, this is not very efficient because most of the energy in the glucose molecule is not harvested. Glycolysis occurs in the ...
Chapter 5 - Missouri State University
... –Electron transport chain consists of _______________________________), coenzyme Q, and cytochromes. –Each ____________________________ transfers electron pairs from NADH and FADH2 to next cytochrome. •Oxidized NAD and FAD are regenerated and shuttle electrons from the ________________Cycle to the E ...
... –Electron transport chain consists of _______________________________), coenzyme Q, and cytochromes. –Each ____________________________ transfers electron pairs from NADH and FADH2 to next cytochrome. •Oxidized NAD and FAD are regenerated and shuttle electrons from the ________________Cycle to the E ...
Cellular respiration Review: 1. Why is ATP the “energy currency” of
... 15. Using the diagram below and your knowledge, put these compounds in order they are produced: Pyruvate, Co-A, Oxaloacetate, Acetyl-Co A, Citric Acid, PGAL, and Glucose. 16. Write the formula for the more expensive, but efficient carrier when it is reduced. 17. What is the difference between a comp ...
... 15. Using the diagram below and your knowledge, put these compounds in order they are produced: Pyruvate, Co-A, Oxaloacetate, Acetyl-Co A, Citric Acid, PGAL, and Glucose. 16. Write the formula for the more expensive, but efficient carrier when it is reduced. 17. What is the difference between a comp ...
Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration
... 7. MAKE ATP (X2) now out of debt, organic acid 8. Relocate P ( on both molecules) ...
... 7. MAKE ATP (X2) now out of debt, organic acid 8. Relocate P ( on both molecules) ...
Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration
... 7. MAKE ATP (X2) now out of debt, organic acid 8. Relocate P ( on both molecules) ...
... 7. MAKE ATP (X2) now out of debt, organic acid 8. Relocate P ( on both molecules) ...
outline File
... Energy yield can fluctuate. ***Your textbook provides a modified energy yield of 32 ATP due to alternate calculations of ATP generated from electron carriers. We will discuss these alternate calculations in class*** 7.7 Regulation of Aerobic Respiration feedback inhibition 7.8 Oxidation Without Oxyg ...
... Energy yield can fluctuate. ***Your textbook provides a modified energy yield of 32 ATP due to alternate calculations of ATP generated from electron carriers. We will discuss these alternate calculations in class*** 7.7 Regulation of Aerobic Respiration feedback inhibition 7.8 Oxidation Without Oxyg ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... Transfer reactions by enzymes 1. Oxidation-reduction reactions – transfer of electrons 2. Aminotransferases – convert one type of amino acid to another by transferring an amino group ...
... Transfer reactions by enzymes 1. Oxidation-reduction reactions – transfer of electrons 2. Aminotransferases – convert one type of amino acid to another by transferring an amino group ...
Ch15 Lect F09
... • In addition to recycling lactate, gluconeogenesis is a provider of glucose during fasting or in the early stages of starvation, in which glucose and glycogen (a source of glucose) have been depleted. • The supply of glucose is especially important to brain cells, which use only glucose to fuel me ...
... • In addition to recycling lactate, gluconeogenesis is a provider of glucose during fasting or in the early stages of starvation, in which glucose and glycogen (a source of glucose) have been depleted. • The supply of glucose is especially important to brain cells, which use only glucose to fuel me ...
Nutrition - Athens Academy
... B. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and amino acids. C. Maltose is a complex carbohydrate. D. Sucrose is the primary source of energy for most cells. E. Most carbohydrates come from animal products. ...
... B. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and amino acids. C. Maltose is a complex carbohydrate. D. Sucrose is the primary source of energy for most cells. E. Most carbohydrates come from animal products. ...
UNIT 4 STUDY GUIDE: Energetics
... 3) Review text and diagrams (especially those topics that are most challenging for you!). 4) Practice EXPLAINING the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis to someone else…preferably someone who is not familiar with the material! If you can teach it, you know it! (because ALL of the mu ...
... 3) Review text and diagrams (especially those topics that are most challenging for you!). 4) Practice EXPLAINING the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis to someone else…preferably someone who is not familiar with the material! If you can teach it, you know it! (because ALL of the mu ...
The citric acid cycle • Also known as the Kreb`s cycle
... Step 5: Succinyl-CoA synthetase • Energy of succinyl CoA is transferred (conserved) to GTP • SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION: group transfer reaction • ONLY step where ATP is directly formed • All other ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation Oxid. Phosphor. is the oxidation of reduced cofactor ...
... Step 5: Succinyl-CoA synthetase • Energy of succinyl CoA is transferred (conserved) to GTP • SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION: group transfer reaction • ONLY step where ATP is directly formed • All other ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation Oxid. Phosphor. is the oxidation of reduced cofactor ...
Document
... Ketogenic amino acids are those whose carbon skeletons can enter the Krebs cycle for energy production, or can form ketone bodies via ketogenesis for energy storage. Glucogenic amino acids are those whose carbon skeletons can enter the Krebs cycle for energy production, or can form glucose via gluco ...
... Ketogenic amino acids are those whose carbon skeletons can enter the Krebs cycle for energy production, or can form ketone bodies via ketogenesis for energy storage. Glucogenic amino acids are those whose carbon skeletons can enter the Krebs cycle for energy production, or can form glucose via gluco ...
(i)
... (a) The frozen layer cuts off the atmospheric oxygen from dissolving into the pond water. The dissolved oxygen in the pond water is used up by the aquatic lives. (b) The goldfish carries out anaerobic respiration The amount of energy produced from anaerobic respiration of glucose is one-nineteenth o ...
... (a) The frozen layer cuts off the atmospheric oxygen from dissolving into the pond water. The dissolved oxygen in the pond water is used up by the aquatic lives. (b) The goldfish carries out anaerobic respiration The amount of energy produced from anaerobic respiration of glucose is one-nineteenth o ...
Chapter 8 Summary
... synthesized by oxidative phosphorylation, which involves a series of chemical reactions that make up the electron transport chain. When NADH + H+ and FADH2 enter the electron transport chain, their electrons and hydrogen ions are removed. The electrons are passed along protein complexes, and the ene ...
... synthesized by oxidative phosphorylation, which involves a series of chemical reactions that make up the electron transport chain. When NADH + H+ and FADH2 enter the electron transport chain, their electrons and hydrogen ions are removed. The electrons are passed along protein complexes, and the ene ...
Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... Important Features • NAD+ and FAD+ are reduced by the oxidation of an organic compound (transfer of H atom). • 1 ATP molecule is formed by substrate level phosphorylation during each turn of cycle (net per glucose = 2 ATP) • For each turn of the cycle, 3 Carbon atoms are lost to Carbon Dioxide – Al ...
... Important Features • NAD+ and FAD+ are reduced by the oxidation of an organic compound (transfer of H atom). • 1 ATP molecule is formed by substrate level phosphorylation during each turn of cycle (net per glucose = 2 ATP) • For each turn of the cycle, 3 Carbon atoms are lost to Carbon Dioxide – Al ...
Cellular Respiration www.AssignmentPoint.com Cellular respiration
... of the ATP produced by aerobic cellular respiration is made by oxidative phosphorylation. This works by the energy released in the consumption of pyruvate being used to create a chemiosmotic potential by pumping protons across a membrane. This potential is then used to drive ATP synthase and produce ...
... of the ATP produced by aerobic cellular respiration is made by oxidative phosphorylation. This works by the energy released in the consumption of pyruvate being used to create a chemiosmotic potential by pumping protons across a membrane. This potential is then used to drive ATP synthase and produce ...
Bioenergetics and Mitosis Review Sheet
... 4. What happens in glycolysis? 5. What are the 3 products of glycolysis? 6. Through what method are the ATP molecules in glycolysis generated? 7. Where does glycolysis take place in the cell? 8. Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic? 9. What happens to the pyruvates produced by glycolysis? 10. What are ...
... 4. What happens in glycolysis? 5. What are the 3 products of glycolysis? 6. Through what method are the ATP molecules in glycolysis generated? 7. Where does glycolysis take place in the cell? 8. Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic? 9. What happens to the pyruvates produced by glycolysis? 10. What are ...
Pyruvate to ACETYL coA CC
... Beta oxidation is the process by which fatty acids, in the form of Acyl-CoA molecules, are broken down in mitochondria to generate Acetyl-CoA, a. Activation of fatty acids in the cytosol b. Transport of fatty acids into mitochondria a. Fatty acids are transported across the outer mitochondrial membr ...
... Beta oxidation is the process by which fatty acids, in the form of Acyl-CoA molecules, are broken down in mitochondria to generate Acetyl-CoA, a. Activation of fatty acids in the cytosol b. Transport of fatty acids into mitochondria a. Fatty acids are transported across the outer mitochondrial membr ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.