Download Nutrition - Athens Academy

Nutrition
Student:
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1. The picture depicts heat exchange. What does "D" represent?
A. evaporation
B. conduction from hot sand
C. radiation from sand
D. radiation from sun and water
E. convection from cool breeze
2. The diagram illustrates ATP coupling of catabolic and anabolic reactions. What does
"C" represent?
A. ATP breakdown
B. anabolism
C. catabolism
D. ATP production
3. The diagram illustrates ATP coupling of catabolic and anabolic reactions. What does
"D" represent?
A. ATP breakdown
B. anabolism
C. catabolism
D. ATP production
4. The diagram illustrates ATP coupling of catabolic and anabolic reactions. What does
"B" represent?
A. ATP breakdown
B. anabolism
C. catabolism
D. ATP production
5. The diagram illustrates ATP coupling of catabolic and anabolic reactions. What does
"A" represent?
A. ATP breakdown
B. anabolism
C. catabolism
D. ATP production
6. Which of the following food groups does Level "A" of the Food Guide Pyramid
represent?
A. bread, cereal, rice, and pasta group
B. fruit and vegetable group
C. fats, sweets, oils
D. milk, yogurt, cheese, meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, nuts
7. Which of the following food groups does Level "B" of the Food Guide Pyramid
represent?
A. bread, cereal, rice, and pasta group
B. fruit and vegetable group
C. fats, sweets, oils
D. milk, yogurt, cheese, meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, nuts
8. Which of the following is least likely to occur late in the postabsorptive state?
A. hydrolysis of triglycerides
B. use of acetyl-CoA and ketones for energy
C. formation of glycogen
D. use of proteins as an energy source
E. reduced removal of glucose from the blood
9. Excessive bleeding due to slowed blood clotting is a symptom of vitamin _____
deficiency.
A. A
B. D
C. E
D. K
E. C
10. Eicosanoids are involved in
A. inflammation.
B. blood clotting.
C. tissue repair.
D. smooth muscle contraction.
E. All of these choices are correct.
11. A molecule that moves electrons from the citric acid cycle to the electron transport
chain
is
A. pyruvic acid.
B. CO2.
C. ADP.
D. NADH.
E. H2O.
12. Each NADH molecule fed into the electron transport chain produces _____ ATPs.
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. 6
13. The process that uses amino acids and glycerol to form glucose is
A. ketogenesis.
B. glycogenesis.
C. lipogenesis.
D. gluconeogenesis.
E. glycolysis.
14. Polyunsaturated vegetable oils can be changed from liquids to solids by
A. adding more unsaturated fatty acids to the molecules.
B. removing the glycerol portion of the molecules.
C. decreasing the number of double covalent bonds in their fatty acids.
D. removing hydrogens from the molecules.
E. None of these choices is correct.
15. The name of the process that couples the movement of hydrogen ions across the inner
mitochondrial membrane to ATP production is the
A. citric acid cycle.
B. glycolytic pathway.
C. chemiosmotic model.
D. Cori cycle.
E. hydrosmotic model.
16. Why is it important that glucose be converted to glucose-6-phosphate once glucose
enters
a cell?
A. This form is easier for cells to metabolize.
B. Glucose can't diffuse out of the cell if it is in this form.
C. The cells can easily excrete this molecule.
D. It becomes a long-term storage molecule for glucose.
E. It can now cross the plasma membrane.
17. Which of the following are energy nutrients?
A. carbohydrates, proteins, and fat
B. proteins, water, and minerals
C. fats, minerals, and vitamins
D. vitamins, fats, and carbohydrates
E. water, minerals, and vitamins
18. If your daily diet is deficient in carbohydrates, the result might be
A. obesity.
B. increased subcutaneous fat.
C. decrease of muscle mass.
D. constipation.
E. sensation of thirst.
19. The correct sequence of events that occurs when fatty acids are used to generate ATP
is
A. beta oxidation, electron transport chain, deamination.
B. electron transport chain, beta oxidation, glycolysis.
C. beta oxidation, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain.
D. glycolysis, beta oxidation, citric acid cycle.
E. citric acid cycle, glycolysis, beta oxidation.
20. The energy currency of the cell is a molecule called
A. glucose.
B. pyruvate.
C. fat.
D. ADP.
E. ATP.
21. When glucose is metabolized in the absence of oxygen, one of the end products is
A. pyruvic acid.
B. ketone bodies.
C. lactic acid.
D. citric acid.
E. nitric acid.
22. During the postabsorptive state, the first source of glucose is
A. fat.
B. sugars.
C. glycogen.
D. amino acids.
E. carbohydrates.
23. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The primary role of carbohydrates is to serve as an energy source.
B. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and amino acids.
C. Maltose is a complex carbohydrate.
D. Sucrose is the primary source of energy for most cells.
E. Most carbohydrates come from animal products.
24. Transamination
A. results in free fatty acids.
B. requires glucose.
C. can be used to synthesize essential amino acids.
D. involves moving an amine group.
E. produces ammonia.
25. Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is false?
A. The process occurs in the mitochondria.
B. The major end product of the cycle is lactic acid.
C. At several steps, NADH molecules are formed.
D. Carbon dioxide is produced at several steps in the cycle.
E. Water is formed at the end of the chain.
26. The energy cost for assimilation of food is called
A. the thermic effect of food.
B. the basal metabolic rate.
C. the caloric intake.
D. homeothermy.
E. free energy.
27. The events that occur in the postabsorptive state collectively
A. decrease fat metabolism.
B. maintain blood glucose levels.
C. interconvert proteins to fats.
D. assure adequate lipogenesis.
E. maintain protein levels.
28. Functions of proteins include
A. providing structural strength in connective tissue.
B. serving as a part of the cholesterol molecule.
C. serving as the primary energy source of cells.
D. transport of nitrogen gas in the blood.
E. padding and insulation.
29. Which of the following vitamins is mismatched with its function?
A. vitamin D - bone growth
B. vitamin A - rhodopsin synthesis
C. folate - synthesis of clotting factors
D. vitamin C - collagen synthesis
E. vitamin B12 - red blood cell production
30. Vitamin E and vitamin C
A. both release free radicals.
B. are needed in RBC production.
C. are both antioxidants.
D. are formed from provitamins.
E. are required for blood clotting.
31. Excess glucose is stored as ___________.
A. glucagon.
B. sucrose.
C. glycogen.
D. galactose.
E. glycoprotein.
32. If oxygen is present, how many molecules (net) of ATP are produced by the oxidation
of one molecule of glucose?
A. 4
B. 18
C. 32
D. 38
E. 40
33. Glycolysis is best defined as the breakdown of
A. glucose to carbon dioxide and water.
B. glucose to two molecules of pyruvic acid.
C. pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and water.
D. glycogen to glucose-6-phosphate.
E. glucose to glycogen.
34. The formation of glycogen from glucose is called _____.
A. glycolysis
B. glycogenesis
C. glycogenolysis
D. gluconeogenesis
E. glucogenesis
35. A food guide pyramid suggests that
A. you eat as many sweets as you want.
B. your diet should contain a variety of foods.
C. meats are the most important part of your diet.
D. milk and cheese should be the main part of your diet.
E. you should only eat one or two servings of bread, cereal, rice, or pasta per day.