Download Bioenergetics and Mitosis Review Sheet

Bioenergetics and Mitosis Review Sheet
Chapters 6 and 9
1. Be able to identify the oxidizing and the reducing agent in a chemical reaction.
2. What is the chemical structure of ATP?
3. What portion of the ATP molecule is high in energy? Why?
4. What happens in glycolysis?
5. What are the 3 products of glycolysis?
6. Through what method are the ATP molecules in glycolysis generated?
7. Where does glycolysis take place in the cell?
8. Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?
9. What happens to the pyruvates produced by glycolysis?
10. What are the products of the conversion from pyruvate to acetyl coA?
11. In the Kreb’s cycle is citric acid oxidized or reduced?
12. What are the products of the Kreb’s cycle?
13. Where does the Kreb’s cycle take place in the cell?
14. Through what process are the ATP molecules of the Kreb’s cycle generated?
15. What is the electron transport chain?
16. Where is it located?
17. What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?
18. Where do H+ ions accumulate in the mitochondria as a result of the electron transport
chain?
19. What protein allows the H+ ions to pass across the membrane in order to generate ATP?
20. How many ATP molecules are made in the ETC?
21. Through what method are the ATP molecules in the ETC generated?
22. What is the net total of ATP molecules that are generated per glucose molecule in aerobic
respiration? How efficient is this? What happens to the remainder of the energy that was
stored in the glucose molecule?
23. In the absence of oxygen, how is NAD+ regenerated in order to allow respiration to
continue?
24. What are the two types of fermentation? What are the products of each? Which
organisms use what type of fermentation in the lack of oxygen?
Chapter 10
25. What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
26. What are some photosynthetic pigments? What are the main ones? What color are they?
27. Which photosynthetic pigment is absolutely necessary for photosynthesis to proceed?
28. What colors of light are least utilized for photosynthesis?
29. Understand Englemann’s experiment.
30. What is produced during cyclic electron flow? Through what process?
31. Where do H+ ions accumulate due to the ETC in photosynthesis?
32. In noncyclic electron flow, where does photosystem II get its electrons? Where does
photosystem I get its electrons?
33. What is produced through noncyclic electron flow? What are these products used for?
34. What is produced in the Calvin cycle? What is used?
35. What is the job of Rubisco?
36. Are CO2 molecules oxidized or reduced in the Calvin cycle?
37. If the stomata of a plant close, what gas will accumulate in the leaf? What process could
result as a result of this problem?
38. How are C4 plants adapted in order to attempt to minimize photorespiration? What is an
example of a C4 plant?
39. How are CAM plants adapted in order to minimize photorespiration? What is an example
of a CAM plant?
Chapter 12
1. What are some reasons that cells might divide?
2. Describe what happens in each phase of cell division.
3. What is the division of the cytoplasm called? How does it differ between plant cells and
animal cells?
4. How does binary fission in bacteria differ from mitosis in plants and animals?
5. What are the roles of the checkpoints, cyclin, Cdk, and MPF in the cell cycle control
system?
6. What is a growth factor? When are they released normally? How do cancer cells react to
growth factors?
7. What is density dependent inhibition?
8. What is anchorage dependence?
9. What is metastasis?
10. What is the difference between a benign and a malignant tumor?