Cellular Metabolism
... of last cycle with newly formed acetyl CoA – Through a series of oxidation/reduction, addition/subtraction, and ligand reactions oxidize pyruvate to carbon dioxide and water AND ...
... of last cycle with newly formed acetyl CoA – Through a series of oxidation/reduction, addition/subtraction, and ligand reactions oxidize pyruvate to carbon dioxide and water AND ...
Cell Respiration Notes
... Proton gradient powers ATP SYNTHASE to ADP + Pi → ATP PROTON MOTIVE FORCE = potential energy of hydrogen ion gradient CHEMIOSMOSIS = Generation of ATP from a proton gradient (It occurs in all living things) OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION using proton gradient created by electron transport chain in crista ...
... Proton gradient powers ATP SYNTHASE to ADP + Pi → ATP PROTON MOTIVE FORCE = potential energy of hydrogen ion gradient CHEMIOSMOSIS = Generation of ATP from a proton gradient (It occurs in all living things) OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION using proton gradient created by electron transport chain in crista ...
Mitochondria
... becomes reduced → NADH • NADH → donate electrons and becomes oxidized to its original form → NAD+ ...
... becomes reduced → NADH • NADH → donate electrons and becomes oxidized to its original form → NAD+ ...
Cellular Metabolism
... of last cycle with newly formed acetyl CoA – Through a series of oxidation/reduction, addition/subtraction, and ligand reactions oxidize pyruvate to carbon dioxide and water AND ...
... of last cycle with newly formed acetyl CoA – Through a series of oxidation/reduction, addition/subtraction, and ligand reactions oxidize pyruvate to carbon dioxide and water AND ...
Lecture 26
... Reactions that replenish intermediates of TCA cycle are called anaplerotic reactions Pyruvate carboxylase- produces oxaloacetate Pyruvate + CO2 + ATP + H2O ...
... Reactions that replenish intermediates of TCA cycle are called anaplerotic reactions Pyruvate carboxylase- produces oxaloacetate Pyruvate + CO2 + ATP + H2O ...
Introduction: More and more researchers are discovering that many
... Requirements: Write a brief report (e.g., Microsoft Word) (suggested length of 3-4 pages) or presentation (PowerPoint suggested length of 10-15 slides) that addresses the following: A. To understand the issues behind hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI), address the following: 1) Explain how enzyme ...
... Requirements: Write a brief report (e.g., Microsoft Word) (suggested length of 3-4 pages) or presentation (PowerPoint suggested length of 10-15 slides) that addresses the following: A. To understand the issues behind hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI), address the following: 1) Explain how enzyme ...
acetyl-CoA - Winona State University
... Remember that a negative Delta G can help drive a reaction with a positive value if there is “No Membrane In Between”. This is why Delta G from the reactions in the mitochondria cannot help to drive the reactions of glycolysis in the cytosol. Although molecules such as pyruvate can “carry” the ener ...
... Remember that a negative Delta G can help drive a reaction with a positive value if there is “No Membrane In Between”. This is why Delta G from the reactions in the mitochondria cannot help to drive the reactions of glycolysis in the cytosol. Although molecules such as pyruvate can “carry” the ener ...
A. glycolysis
... 1. oxidative phosphorylation – electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen – the energy released from this process is used to turn ADP into ATP – use of an electron transport chain (chemiosmosis) 2. substrate level phosphorylation – addition of a phosphate gro ...
... 1. oxidative phosphorylation – electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen – the energy released from this process is used to turn ADP into ATP – use of an electron transport chain (chemiosmosis) 2. substrate level phosphorylation – addition of a phosphate gro ...
18.3 Important Coenzymes
... • These are nucleotide molecules • accept/deliver electrons for redox reactions • accept/delivers phosphates to generate ATP ...
... • These are nucleotide molecules • accept/deliver electrons for redox reactions • accept/delivers phosphates to generate ATP ...
Biochemistry Quiz Review 1II 1. Enzymes are very potent catalysts
... the breakdown of fructose, lactose, or sucrose are defective. However, there are very few cases of people having a genetic disease in which one of the enzymes of glycolysis is severely affected. Why do you suppose such mutations are seen so rarely? ...
... the breakdown of fructose, lactose, or sucrose are defective. However, there are very few cases of people having a genetic disease in which one of the enzymes of glycolysis is severely affected. Why do you suppose such mutations are seen so rarely? ...
Microbial Metabolism
... Fermentation pathways couple NADH oxidation and pyruvate reduction, or reduction of another endogenous organic. Permits some ATP production; slow growth. Many species specific types. ...
... Fermentation pathways couple NADH oxidation and pyruvate reduction, or reduction of another endogenous organic. Permits some ATP production; slow growth. Many species specific types. ...
Cellular Respiration
... - does not require O2 ; occurs in cytoplasm Pyruvate Oxidation: chemical pathway that connects glycolysis to Krebs cycle 2 pyruvate molecules are moved from the cytoplasm to the matrix of the mitochondria CO2 is removed from each pyruvate molecule and released as a waste product (1/3 of what y ...
... - does not require O2 ; occurs in cytoplasm Pyruvate Oxidation: chemical pathway that connects glycolysis to Krebs cycle 2 pyruvate molecules are moved from the cytoplasm to the matrix of the mitochondria CO2 is removed from each pyruvate molecule and released as a waste product (1/3 of what y ...
ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Powerpoint
... • Also produces 2 NADH and 4 ATP • Pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl CoA and CO2 is removed ...
... • Also produces 2 NADH and 4 ATP • Pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl CoA and CO2 is removed ...
Exam 3 - Chemistry Courses: About
... E. ____________ To run a molecule of glucose through glycolysis to pyruvate and then back through gluconeogenesis to glucose would cost the cell 4 ATP equivalents. F. ____________ Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is a potent inhibitor of phosphofructokinase in humans. G. ____________ In the glycolysis path ...
... E. ____________ To run a molecule of glucose through glycolysis to pyruvate and then back through gluconeogenesis to glucose would cost the cell 4 ATP equivalents. F. ____________ Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is a potent inhibitor of phosphofructokinase in humans. G. ____________ In the glycolysis path ...
File - Mr. Shanks` Class
... a) Glucose – 6 – phosphate b) Fructose – 6 phosphate c) Fructose - 1 ,6 biphosphate d) Glucose 3. Which one of the following is a reduced electron carrier that carries electrons to the ETC? a) GDP b) NADH+H+ c) NAD d) ADP 4. What are the names of both 3 carbon molecules that result when glucose is b ...
... a) Glucose – 6 – phosphate b) Fructose – 6 phosphate c) Fructose - 1 ,6 biphosphate d) Glucose 3. Which one of the following is a reduced electron carrier that carries electrons to the ETC? a) GDP b) NADH+H+ c) NAD d) ADP 4. What are the names of both 3 carbon molecules that result when glucose is b ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... V. Answer any five questions, each in not more than 350 words (5X8=40) 21. What are the ten steps of glycolysis, its regulation and energetics? 22. Write about Glucose-Alanine cycle and Glutamate cycle. 23. Explain the molecular models for structure elucidation with emphasis to ball and stick and sp ...
... V. Answer any five questions, each in not more than 350 words (5X8=40) 21. What are the ten steps of glycolysis, its regulation and energetics? 22. Write about Glucose-Alanine cycle and Glutamate cycle. 23. Explain the molecular models for structure elucidation with emphasis to ball and stick and sp ...
Carbon-Silicate Cycle
... dissolves in the water to form weak carbonic acid that falls as rain. • The second step is then the acidic water travels through the ground and creates erosion of the Earth’s rocks that are silicate-rich. • The erosion of the rocks release ions like calcium and bicarbonate • Lastly the ions enters t ...
... dissolves in the water to form weak carbonic acid that falls as rain. • The second step is then the acidic water travels through the ground and creates erosion of the Earth’s rocks that are silicate-rich. • The erosion of the rocks release ions like calcium and bicarbonate • Lastly the ions enters t ...
powerpoint 24 Aug
... + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2 NAD • Products: 2 pyruvate + 2ATP + 2 NADH • Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm • First step of glycolysis: • takes energy • traps glucose in the cell • example of substrate level phosphorylation ...
... + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2 NAD • Products: 2 pyruvate + 2ATP + 2 NADH • Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm • First step of glycolysis: • takes energy • traps glucose in the cell • example of substrate level phosphorylation ...
Light RXNS: 1. What is the key event that starts off light reactions? 2.
... from the catabolism of one glucose molecule? (Assume ATP synthase can make 1 ATP from the motive force of 3.5 protons). 5. If you had to remove one of the membrane components involved in the elec ...
... from the catabolism of one glucose molecule? (Assume ATP synthase can make 1 ATP from the motive force of 3.5 protons). 5. If you had to remove one of the membrane components involved in the elec ...
Sample exam questions Chapter 11 Carbohydrates
... 24) All of the following statements concerning the citric acid cycle are true EXCEPT A. The cycle starts with the four-carbon compound oxaloacetate, adds two carbons from acetyl-CoA, stepwise loses two carbons as CO2, and regenerated the fourcarbon compound oxaloacetate. B. For each molecule of gluc ...
... 24) All of the following statements concerning the citric acid cycle are true EXCEPT A. The cycle starts with the four-carbon compound oxaloacetate, adds two carbons from acetyl-CoA, stepwise loses two carbons as CO2, and regenerated the fourcarbon compound oxaloacetate. B. For each molecule of gluc ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.