Fatty acid breakdown
... isomerization steps to form succinyl-CoA • Methyl-malonyl epimerase catalyzes the first reaction • Methyl-malonyl-CoA mutase (a vitamin B12 dependent enzyme) catalyzes the second to form succinyl-CoA ...
... isomerization steps to form succinyl-CoA • Methyl-malonyl epimerase catalyzes the first reaction • Methyl-malonyl-CoA mutase (a vitamin B12 dependent enzyme) catalyzes the second to form succinyl-CoA ...
AP Biology Summer Session Lecture 6
... Pyruvate is converted to ethanol in two steps: 1. Pyruvate is converted to a ...
... Pyruvate is converted to ethanol in two steps: 1. Pyruvate is converted to a ...
Microbial Metabolism
... Energy is often transferred from one molecule to another by oxidationreduction reactions. 1.Energy is transferred when electrons from a molecule being oxidized are shifted to a molecule being reduced. a. Oxidation is the removal of electrons b. Reduction is the gaining of electrons c. Oxidation and ...
... Energy is often transferred from one molecule to another by oxidationreduction reactions. 1.Energy is transferred when electrons from a molecule being oxidized are shifted to a molecule being reduced. a. Oxidation is the removal of electrons b. Reduction is the gaining of electrons c. Oxidation and ...
Review #3 Chapters 9 – 10
... b. The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to sugar c. Photosystem I contains P700 chlorophyll a molecules at the reaction center; photosystem II contains P680 molecules d. In chemiosmosis, electron transport chains pump protons (H+) across a membrane from a region of high H+ concentratio ...
... b. The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to sugar c. Photosystem I contains P700 chlorophyll a molecules at the reaction center; photosystem II contains P680 molecules d. In chemiosmosis, electron transport chains pump protons (H+) across a membrane from a region of high H+ concentratio ...
1) Where does glycolysis occur in the cell
... 8) All of the following processes occur within mitochondria except: a) the splitting of glucose b) the formation of citric acid c) the catabolism of citric acid to produce NADH, CO2, AND H+ d) the transfer of electrons form NADH to the electron transport chain e) the reduction of oxygen to form wate ...
... 8) All of the following processes occur within mitochondria except: a) the splitting of glucose b) the formation of citric acid c) the catabolism of citric acid to produce NADH, CO2, AND H+ d) the transfer of electrons form NADH to the electron transport chain e) the reduction of oxygen to form wate ...
lecture notes-metabolism pathways-web
... - Overview of metabolism pathways End products are formed and released from the ...
... - Overview of metabolism pathways End products are formed and released from the ...
Chapter 8 Learning Targets(141- 150)
... a. I can write the summary equation for cellular respiration. b. I can define oxidation and reduction, and identify what is oxidized and what is reduced in cellular respiration. c. I can describe the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration. d. I can name the three stages of cellular respiration and sta ...
... a. I can write the summary equation for cellular respiration. b. I can define oxidation and reduction, and identify what is oxidized and what is reduced in cellular respiration. c. I can describe the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration. d. I can name the three stages of cellular respiration and sta ...
Respiration
... It has eight steps starting with 2 acetyleCoA compounds. They are summarized as in the shown figure: • This cycle begins when acetate from each acetylCoA combines with oxaloacetate (4 C atoms) to form citrate (citric acid). • Ultimately, the oxaloacetate is recycled and the acetate is broken down t ...
... It has eight steps starting with 2 acetyleCoA compounds. They are summarized as in the shown figure: • This cycle begins when acetate from each acetylCoA combines with oxaloacetate (4 C atoms) to form citrate (citric acid). • Ultimately, the oxaloacetate is recycled and the acetate is broken down t ...
10/19
... GTP by substrate-level phosphorylation and forms succinate Succinate oxidized by FAD to form fumarate ...
... GTP by substrate-level phosphorylation and forms succinate Succinate oxidized by FAD to form fumarate ...
Cellular Respiration
... Lactic Acid Fermentation • The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate into lactic acid and converts NADH into NAD+. • Usually blood can remove the lactate, however if this does not happen muscle fatigue results. ...
... Lactic Acid Fermentation • The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate into lactic acid and converts NADH into NAD+. • Usually blood can remove the lactate, however if this does not happen muscle fatigue results. ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy Overview All living
... circular. The outputs of the pathway (oxaloacetate) are used to start the pathway over again. With the exception of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate, we will not learn the other intermediate molecules. This process effectively uses oxygen to break the C-C bonds found in the acetyl-CoA (which was pyruvate ...
... circular. The outputs of the pathway (oxaloacetate) are used to start the pathway over again. With the exception of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate, we will not learn the other intermediate molecules. This process effectively uses oxygen to break the C-C bonds found in the acetyl-CoA (which was pyruvate ...
AP Biology Ch 9 Cell Respiration J. Dolce Study Questions Identify
... Identify some specific processes the cell does with ATP. Explain why ATP is such a “high energy” molecule. How does ATP “couple reactions”? What is the name of enzymes which phosphorylate molecules? Define each of the following: a. Oxidation 0 b. Reduction What is the role of NAD+ & FAD+2 in respira ...
... Identify some specific processes the cell does with ATP. Explain why ATP is such a “high energy” molecule. How does ATP “couple reactions”? What is the name of enzymes which phosphorylate molecules? Define each of the following: a. Oxidation 0 b. Reduction What is the role of NAD+ & FAD+2 in respira ...
Cellular Respiration - Home - Mrs. Guida's AP Biology Class
... • Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs • Cellular Respiration- the oxidation of organic compounds to extract energy from chemical bonds ...
... • Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs • Cellular Respiration- the oxidation of organic compounds to extract energy from chemical bonds ...
presentation source
... electron to the next cytochrome, it becomes oxidized. C. The last cytochrome becomes oxidized by donating its electron to oxygen, which functions as the final electron acceptor. D. When one oxygen atom accepts two electrons and two protons, it becomes reduced to form water. E. The energy provided by ...
... electron to the next cytochrome, it becomes oxidized. C. The last cytochrome becomes oxidized by donating its electron to oxygen, which functions as the final electron acceptor. D. When one oxygen atom accepts two electrons and two protons, it becomes reduced to form water. E. The energy provided by ...
McLovin`s Wisdom #1 – The Kidney, Diabetes Type 1 DM Type 2
... splenomegaly, mental retardation). Pyruvate acetyl coa with pyruvate dehydrogenase (one NADH produced) ...
... splenomegaly, mental retardation). Pyruvate acetyl coa with pyruvate dehydrogenase (one NADH produced) ...
Respiratory Substrates
... • Number of hydrogen atoms per mole accepted by NAD then used in electron transport chain is slightly more than the number of hydrogen atoms per mole of glucose, so proteins release slightly more energy than equivalent masses of glucose ...
... • Number of hydrogen atoms per mole accepted by NAD then used in electron transport chain is slightly more than the number of hydrogen atoms per mole of glucose, so proteins release slightly more energy than equivalent masses of glucose ...
Biology Name_____________________________________
... 14. Explain how does diffusion and equilibrium help the cell produce ATP with ATP synthase? ...
... 14. Explain how does diffusion and equilibrium help the cell produce ATP with ATP synthase? ...
Chapter 3: Energy, Catalysis, and Biosynthesis
... 13-40 Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If a statement is false, explain why it is false. A. The proteins of the electron-transport chain remove a pair of high-energy electrons from the cofactors NADH and FADH2, after which the electrons move across the inner mitochondria ...
... 13-40 Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If a statement is false, explain why it is false. A. The proteins of the electron-transport chain remove a pair of high-energy electrons from the cofactors NADH and FADH2, after which the electrons move across the inner mitochondria ...
File
... H+ ions and oxygen (final electron acceptor) to form water Creates a concentration gradient of H+ ions = proton-motive ...
... H+ ions and oxygen (final electron acceptor) to form water Creates a concentration gradient of H+ ions = proton-motive ...
AP Biology Study Guide
... Krebs cycle/ Citric Acid Cycle oxidative phosphorylation substrate level phosphorylation pyruvate ...
... Krebs cycle/ Citric Acid Cycle oxidative phosphorylation substrate level phosphorylation pyruvate ...
Cellular Respiration
... their arrangement of atoms Fats, CH2O protein can all be used as fuel . Traditionally, cellular respiration is studied using glucose as the source. There are 2 energy-providing (catabolic) pathways ...
... their arrangement of atoms Fats, CH2O protein can all be used as fuel . Traditionally, cellular respiration is studied using glucose as the source. There are 2 energy-providing (catabolic) pathways ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.