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... Cytoplasm ...
Chem 150 quiz #6
Chem 150 quiz #6

... 17. What is the total net yield of ATP obtained when 5 glucose molecules are catabolized through glycolysis? (Note: The end product of glycolysis has not entered the TCA cycle yet.) a. 2 ATP b. 28 – 29 ATP c. 30 – 32 ATP d. 18 ATP e. none of the above 18. How many molecules of pyruvate would be obta ...
DiscBio: C9 Voc Definitions
DiscBio: C9 Voc Definitions

... 6. series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions producing a 3-C compound using CO2 & the energy of ATP & NADPH 7. the incorporation of CO2 into organic compound 8. O2-dependent metabolic pathway by which food molecules are metabolized & ATP is generated 9. green pigments that are specialized to abso ...
2 ATP - (canvas.brown.edu).
2 ATP - (canvas.brown.edu).

... energy (2 ATPs ~ 14 kcal) . . . . And we have not used any oxygen. What’s missing? ...
Team Hockey: Glucose and ATP
Team Hockey: Glucose and ATP

... • Uses glucose to create energy molecules (ATP, NADH) • Makes Pyruvate for Citric Acid Cycle (part of aerobic respiration). • Produces 6-carbon and 3-carbon intermediate compounds (used for many purposes). ...
Pyruvic acid is
Pyruvic acid is

... • One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively. ...
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... What Happens? = If oxygen IS available, fermentation does NOT happen. 1. Pyruvic Acid is converted into Acetyl CoA. 2. This joins with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid. 3. Citric Acid goes through a cycle where CO2 and electron carriers are formed. 4. The 2 original pyruvic acid molecules are co ...
Fundamentals of Biochemistry 2/e
Fundamentals of Biochemistry 2/e

... Is a multienzyme complex E1: a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase E2: dihydrolipoyl transsuccinylase E3: dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase E. Succinyl-CoA Synthetase ...
Respiration.review.guide.2012.2013w.answers
Respiration.review.guide.2012.2013w.answers

... 6. How is pyruvic acid modified before the Krebs cycle? Pyruvic acid (3 carbon) is converted to acetyl-CoA (2 carbon), a compound that starts Krebs by joining with a 4 carbon compound already within the cycle. The four carbon compound and acetyl-CoA create citric acid. 8. The waste product from the ...
скачати - ua
скачати - ua

... ETS chain. Energy released by the “downhill” passage of electrons is captured as ATP by ADP molecules. The ADP is reduced by the gain of electrons. ATP formed in this way is made by the process of oxidative phosphorylation. The mechanism for the oxidative phosphorylation process is the gradient of H ...
Ch 4: Cellular Metabolism
Ch 4: Cellular Metabolism

... capable of carrying out glycolysis. – Most present-day organisms can extract considerably more energy from glucose through aerobic respiration. ...
Kreb`s Cycle - robertschem
Kreb`s Cycle - robertschem

... 14. Why is FAD used instead of NAD+? At one step of Krebs cycle, succinate is oxidized to become fumarate with the help of FAD. The energy involved succinate-fumarate reaction does not allow NAD+ to be reduced sufficiently. FAD is lower-energy and is able to help oxidize succinate in the process (an ...
Cell Respiration Notes
Cell Respiration Notes

... Occurs in matrix Pyruvic Acid (3C) is broken down and CO2 is released Acetyl-Coenzyme A (2C) combines with a (4C) to make citric acid (6C) in a cycle of steps More CO2 released ATP & NADH & FADH2 produced CoA reused each cycle ...
Glycogen Metabolism
Glycogen Metabolism

... is the fate of most of NH3 channeled there. Urea → bloodstream → kidneys → urine ...
Plant Respiration
Plant Respiration

... the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) inside the mitochondrial matrix, and gets oxidized to CO2 while at the same time reducing NAD to NADH. NADH can be used by the electron transport chain to create further ATP as part of oxidative phosphorylation. To fully oxidize the equivalent of one glucose molec ...
Cell respiration -2
Cell respiration -2

... 2. The Krebs cycle completes the energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules (in mitochondrial matrix): • If O2 is present, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion where enzymes of the Krebs cycle complete the oxidation of this organic fuel to CO2. • As pyruvate enters the mitochondrion which modifies ...
pptx
pptx

... Reaction 2: The carbons are transferred to lipoamide in a redox rxn (in E1’s active site) Hydroxyethyl-TPP·E1 ...
Cell Respiration - Glycolysis PPT
Cell Respiration - Glycolysis PPT

... Oxidation of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA • Before the citric acid cycle can begin, pyruvate must be converted to acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), which links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle • This step is carried out by a multienzyme complex that catalyzes three reactions ...
(C)
(C)

... (B) Ethyl alcohol is transformed to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Write (1) the biochemical reaction, including the non-enzymatic cofactor, and (2) indicate the atom(s) where the electron transfer involved. Also calculate how many electrons are involved and indicate the electron donor ...
Cellular Respiration Part II: Glycolysis
Cellular Respiration Part II: Glycolysis

... Oxidation of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA • Before the citric acid cycle can begin, pyruvate must be converted to acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), which links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle • This step is carried out by a multienzyme complex that catalyzes three reactions ...
Calvin Cycle Answers
Calvin Cycle Answers

... 3. Because it needs to happen 3 times to fix enough carbon for 1 PGA/G3P. 4. Because it catalyzes 2 reactions – reduction of RuBP and regeneration of RuBP so CO2 and O2 are competing for the same active site. 5. The light reactions: cyclic and non-cyclic electron pathways. 6. NADPH is oxidized. PGAP ...
Cellular Functions PP
Cellular Functions PP

... • Glucose can be used to form amino acids, which then can be incorporated into proteins. • Excess glucose can be stored by liver and skeletal muscles as glycogen. • If glycogen storage areas fill up, liver cells and fat cells can convert glucose to glycerol and fatty acids. ...
Multiple Choice Review- Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Multiple Choice Review- Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

... a. The addition of electrons to a molecule b. The addition of protons to a molecule c. The loss of electrons from a molecule d. The loss of protons from a molecule 2. What molecules are necessary for aerobic cellular respiration? a. Glucose and Oxygen b. Glucose and Carbon Dioxide c. Carbon Dioxide ...
Energetics and Catabolism
Energetics and Catabolism

... - Acetyl-CoA enters the TCA cycle by condensing with the 4-C oxaloacetate to form citrate. ...
File
File

... • Mitochondria undergo fusion and fission under regulation by the state of the cell. ...
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Citric acid cycle



The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
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