Aerobic respiration
... Named after Hans Kreb (1930s) The first compound created is citrate (citric acid cycle) 3NAD+ are reduced to 3NADH. FAD+ is reduced to FADH2 1 ATP is created via substrate level phosphorylation. 2CO2 are released. Remember that there are two acetyl-CoA! This reaction occurs for each acetylCoA! ...
... Named after Hans Kreb (1930s) The first compound created is citrate (citric acid cycle) 3NAD+ are reduced to 3NADH. FAD+ is reduced to FADH2 1 ATP is created via substrate level phosphorylation. 2CO2 are released. Remember that there are two acetyl-CoA! This reaction occurs for each acetylCoA! ...
Bez nadpisu
... in the three stages of cellular respiration. Stage 1: Oxidation of fatty acids, glucose, and some amino acids yields acetyl-CoA. Stage 2: Oxidation of acetyl groups via the citric acid cycle includes four steps in which electrons are abstracted. Stage 3: Electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 are funne ...
... in the three stages of cellular respiration. Stage 1: Oxidation of fatty acids, glucose, and some amino acids yields acetyl-CoA. Stage 2: Oxidation of acetyl groups via the citric acid cycle includes four steps in which electrons are abstracted. Stage 3: Electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 are funne ...
Chapter 7 Review Name: Date: Question Answer Process that
... pathway; occurs in your muscles; used by bacteria ...
... pathway; occurs in your muscles; used by bacteria ...
Chapter05, 06 代谢引论糖代谢
... A substrate-level phosphorylation A nucleoside triphosphate is made Its synthesis is driven by hydrolysis of a CoA ester The mechanism involves a phosphohistidine Succinate Dehydrogenase An oxidation involving FAD This enzyme is actually part of the electron transport pathway in the inner mitochondr ...
... A substrate-level phosphorylation A nucleoside triphosphate is made Its synthesis is driven by hydrolysis of a CoA ester The mechanism involves a phosphohistidine Succinate Dehydrogenase An oxidation involving FAD This enzyme is actually part of the electron transport pathway in the inner mitochondr ...
Formation of pyruvic acid (P
... reducing equivalents. Absence of O2 (anoxia) or partial deficiency of O2 (hypoxia) causes total or partial inhibition of the cycle. 12-The H atoms removed in the successive dehydrogenations are accepted by corresponding coenzymes. Reduced coenzymes transfer the reducing equivalents to electron-trans ...
... reducing equivalents. Absence of O2 (anoxia) or partial deficiency of O2 (hypoxia) causes total or partial inhibition of the cycle. 12-The H atoms removed in the successive dehydrogenations are accepted by corresponding coenzymes. Reduced coenzymes transfer the reducing equivalents to electron-trans ...
STUDY GUIDE SECTION 7-1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
... 1. ______ The breakdown product of glucose that diffuses into the mitochondrial matrix for further breakdown is a. acetyl CoA b. pyruvic acid c. oxaloacetic acid d. citric acid 2. ______The starting substance of the Krebs cycle, which is regenerated at the end of the cycle, is a. acetyl CoA b. pyruv ...
... 1. ______ The breakdown product of glucose that diffuses into the mitochondrial matrix for further breakdown is a. acetyl CoA b. pyruvic acid c. oxaloacetic acid d. citric acid 2. ______The starting substance of the Krebs cycle, which is regenerated at the end of the cycle, is a. acetyl CoA b. pyruv ...
Structure and function of mitochondria (Slide
... Releases carbon as CO2 H+ ions captured by NAD Releases 2 ATP Provides > 20 proteins for metabolic processes Refer to p127 in Biozone Look at position on flowchart ...
... Releases carbon as CO2 H+ ions captured by NAD Releases 2 ATP Provides > 20 proteins for metabolic processes Refer to p127 in Biozone Look at position on flowchart ...
AP Biology: Chapter 9
... AP Biology: Chapter 9 Review Guide RESPIRATION — GLYCOLYSIS 1. Identify some specific processes the cell does with ATP. 2. Explain why ATP is such a “high energy” molecule. 3. Sketch the ATP/ADP cycle: 4. How does ATP “couple reactions”? 5. What is the name of enzymes which phosphorylate molecules? ...
... AP Biology: Chapter 9 Review Guide RESPIRATION — GLYCOLYSIS 1. Identify some specific processes the cell does with ATP. 2. Explain why ATP is such a “high energy” molecule. 3. Sketch the ATP/ADP cycle: 4. How does ATP “couple reactions”? 5. What is the name of enzymes which phosphorylate molecules? ...
Question
... Krebs (Citric Acid) Cycle, ending with the electron transport chain and oxidative phoshorylation. You do not need to memorize each compound at every step, or the enzymes that catalyze every step, but by writing these out, you will gain an appreciation for the amazing biochemistry that is used to har ...
... Krebs (Citric Acid) Cycle, ending with the electron transport chain and oxidative phoshorylation. You do not need to memorize each compound at every step, or the enzymes that catalyze every step, but by writing these out, you will gain an appreciation for the amazing biochemistry that is used to har ...
word
... Describe basic TCA cycle: what goes in, what initial product, what is formed (GTP, NADH, FAD(2H), CO2 and how many of each; what final product. (Fig. 3) Describe other functions of the intermediates in the cycle – biosynthesis, breakdown of amino acids, fatty acids, etc; many fuels feed into Acetyl ...
... Describe basic TCA cycle: what goes in, what initial product, what is formed (GTP, NADH, FAD(2H), CO2 and how many of each; what final product. (Fig. 3) Describe other functions of the intermediates in the cycle – biosynthesis, breakdown of amino acids, fatty acids, etc; many fuels feed into Acetyl ...
Final Review
... Oxidoreductases in the citric acid cycle include: isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase. 13. Which step(s) of the Kreb’s cycle is/are catalyzed by an isomerase? STEP 2 ...
... Oxidoreductases in the citric acid cycle include: isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase. 13. Which step(s) of the Kreb’s cycle is/are catalyzed by an isomerase? STEP 2 ...
Chem 2B
... Oxidoreductases in the citric acid cycle include: isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase. 13. Which step(s) of the Kreb’s cycle is/are catalyzed by an isomerase? STEP 2 ...
... Oxidoreductases in the citric acid cycle include: isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase. 13. Which step(s) of the Kreb’s cycle is/are catalyzed by an isomerase? STEP 2 ...
Use of Reduced Carbon Compounds
... --- the point of the Calvin cycle is to “fix” carbon, create reduced carbon compounds that can be used for biosynthesis or stored for later conversion into cellular energy CO2 CH2OH --- this process requires tremendous amounts of energy, 3 ATP and 2 NADPH per CH2OH unit (18 ATP and 12 NADPH per 6 ...
... --- the point of the Calvin cycle is to “fix” carbon, create reduced carbon compounds that can be used for biosynthesis or stored for later conversion into cellular energy CO2 CH2OH --- this process requires tremendous amounts of energy, 3 ATP and 2 NADPH per CH2OH unit (18 ATP and 12 NADPH per 6 ...
1. Diagram the biosynthetic pathway fiom UMP),
... How does a mutation in the ras gene that leads to formation of a Ras protein with no GTPase activity affect a cell's response to insulin ? (5%) ...
... How does a mutation in the ras gene that leads to formation of a Ras protein with no GTPase activity affect a cell's response to insulin ? (5%) ...
Final Exam Study Guide: Chapter 16: Citric Acid Cycle
... catalyzes this reaction and provide the formulas of the reactants and products of this reaction. ...
... catalyzes this reaction and provide the formulas of the reactants and products of this reaction. ...
Advanced Cellular Respiration Worksheet
... 6. How many carbon dioxide molecules (CO2) are generated per pyruvate in the transition reaction? in the citric acid cycle? So therefore how many CO2 are produced per glucose? 7. How many NADH molecules are generated per glucose in a. glycolysis b. transition reaction ...
... 6. How many carbon dioxide molecules (CO2) are generated per pyruvate in the transition reaction? in the citric acid cycle? So therefore how many CO2 are produced per glucose? 7. How many NADH molecules are generated per glucose in a. glycolysis b. transition reaction ...
Lecture 3section7
... Remember pathways are integrated Rates of glycolysis and TCA cycle are matched so that only as much glucose is metabolized to pyruvate as is need to provide Acetyl CoA for the cycles Rate of glycolysis is matched to the TCA cycle by ATP and NADH levels. Also remember the citrate is a negative allost ...
... Remember pathways are integrated Rates of glycolysis and TCA cycle are matched so that only as much glucose is metabolized to pyruvate as is need to provide Acetyl CoA for the cycles Rate of glycolysis is matched to the TCA cycle by ATP and NADH levels. Also remember the citrate is a negative allost ...
biology 110
... 20. Using formulas, show the difference between fermentation in plants and in animals. What makes the products different in these two types of cells? 21. What is the name of the intermediate step between glycolysis and the Kreb's cycle under aerobic conditions? What makes acetic acid activated? Expl ...
... 20. Using formulas, show the difference between fermentation in plants and in animals. What makes the products different in these two types of cells? 21. What is the name of the intermediate step between glycolysis and the Kreb's cycle under aerobic conditions? What makes acetic acid activated? Expl ...
Chapter 16 - The Citric Acid Cycle
... cycle, Kreb’s cycle) is amphibolic (both catabolic and anabolic) • The cycle is involved in the aerobic catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids • Intermediates of the cycle are starting points for many biosynthetic reactions • Enzymes of the cycle are in the mitochondria (eukaryotes) or ...
... cycle, Kreb’s cycle) is amphibolic (both catabolic and anabolic) • The cycle is involved in the aerobic catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids • Intermediates of the cycle are starting points for many biosynthetic reactions • Enzymes of the cycle are in the mitochondria (eukaryotes) or ...
L10v02-glycolysis and TCA
... molecule of oxaloacetate, producing the six carbon molecule citrate, aka citric acid. The rest of the cycle is involved with capturing energy in the form of high‐energy electrons (via NADH or FADH2), or GTP ( which can be used similarly to ATP In some cases). Carbon dioxide is released during thi ...
... molecule of oxaloacetate, producing the six carbon molecule citrate, aka citric acid. The rest of the cycle is involved with capturing energy in the form of high‐energy electrons (via NADH or FADH2), or GTP ( which can be used similarly to ATP In some cases). Carbon dioxide is released during thi ...
3. Related Pathways
... Organisms are able to metabolize nutrients other than carbohydrates during times of starvation Once broken down, these monomers are able to feed into various parts of glycolysis or the Krebs cycle (Fig.1, p.117) ...
... Organisms are able to metabolize nutrients other than carbohydrates during times of starvation Once broken down, these monomers are able to feed into various parts of glycolysis or the Krebs cycle (Fig.1, p.117) ...
Chapter 5: Microbial Metabolism
... Feedback inhibition = shutting off of biochemical pathway; product in pathway binds to e1 which changes its shape and stops its work ...
... Feedback inhibition = shutting off of biochemical pathway; product in pathway binds to e1 which changes its shape and stops its work ...
Lecture Power Point
... It is the sequence of reactions that converts glucose into pyruvate with the concomitant production of a relatively small amount of adenosine triphosphate ...
... It is the sequence of reactions that converts glucose into pyruvate with the concomitant production of a relatively small amount of adenosine triphosphate ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.