Stage 4 Digestion: Electron Transport Chain
... • Fatty Acids are transported into Mitochondria for β-Oxidation • Chopped into 2 carbon molecules to make Acetyl-CoA • Yield 1 NADH, 1 FADH/chop Amino Acids Liver: Removal of amino group as NH3 (ammonia) Ammonia is toxic, reacts with CO2 to form urea, secreted as liquid waste: kidneys ...
... • Fatty Acids are transported into Mitochondria for β-Oxidation • Chopped into 2 carbon molecules to make Acetyl-CoA • Yield 1 NADH, 1 FADH/chop Amino Acids Liver: Removal of amino group as NH3 (ammonia) Ammonia is toxic, reacts with CO2 to form urea, secreted as liquid waste: kidneys ...
Honors Guided Notes
... 1. The process by which mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP is called ________. ...
... 1. The process by which mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP is called ________. ...
Microbial Metabolism
... – Need sufficient activation energy – Number of molecules above this activation level = reaction rate ...
... – Need sufficient activation energy – Number of molecules above this activation level = reaction rate ...
Cellular_Respiration_overviewap
... Remember that for every glucose molecule, the Krebs happens twice, because two acetylCoA’s are produced from one glucose molecule and that ATP generation is via substrate level phosphorylation. Below is the general reaction per one glucose molecule: 2 acetylCoA + 2 oxaloacetate 2 oxaloacetate + 2A ...
... Remember that for every glucose molecule, the Krebs happens twice, because two acetylCoA’s are produced from one glucose molecule and that ATP generation is via substrate level phosphorylation. Below is the general reaction per one glucose molecule: 2 acetylCoA + 2 oxaloacetate 2 oxaloacetate + 2A ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... Electron acceptors in the chain accept NADH/FADH2 electrons. As electrons pass down a series of molecules to O2 – the O2 combines with H atoms to form H2O and ATP. YIELD: 10 NADH converts to 30 ATP, 2 FADH2 converts to 4 ATP Remember – FADH produces 2 ATP, NADH produces 3 ATP ...
... Electron acceptors in the chain accept NADH/FADH2 electrons. As electrons pass down a series of molecules to O2 – the O2 combines with H atoms to form H2O and ATP. YIELD: 10 NADH converts to 30 ATP, 2 FADH2 converts to 4 ATP Remember – FADH produces 2 ATP, NADH produces 3 ATP ...
Harvesting Electrons from the Citric Acid Cycle
... - Citrate is formed from the acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate - Methyl carbon from acetyl group reacts with carbonyl of oxaloacetate - This is the only cycle reaction with C-C bond formation ...
... - Citrate is formed from the acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate - Methyl carbon from acetyl group reacts with carbonyl of oxaloacetate - This is the only cycle reaction with C-C bond formation ...
Fate of pyruvate
... Coenzymes of the complex are derived from water soluble vitamins: 1- Thiamine pyruphosphate, TPP (derived from thiamine, vitamin B1) 2- NAD+ (derived from niacin) 3- FAD (derived from riboflavin) 4- Lipoic acid 5- Coenzyme A (derived from pantothenic acid) ...
... Coenzymes of the complex are derived from water soluble vitamins: 1- Thiamine pyruphosphate, TPP (derived from thiamine, vitamin B1) 2- NAD+ (derived from niacin) 3- FAD (derived from riboflavin) 4- Lipoic acid 5- Coenzyme A (derived from pantothenic acid) ...
Energy Releasing Pathways
... stream and is transported to liver where it is converted back into pyruvic acid. Used to make cheese and yogurt ...
... stream and is transported to liver where it is converted back into pyruvic acid. Used to make cheese and yogurt ...
Adv Bio Cellular Respiration Objectives
... 7. Write a summary equation for glycolysis and describe where it occurs in the cell 8. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced and how it links glycolysis to the Krebs cycle ...
... 7. Write a summary equation for glycolysis and describe where it occurs in the cell 8. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced and how it links glycolysis to the Krebs cycle ...
Biological importance of Uronic Acid Pathway
... Substrate level phosphorylation from succinyl-CoA gives 2 ATP. Oxidation of succinate to fumarate gives 2 FADH2, thus 4 ATP. Oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate gives 2 NADH.H+, i.e., 6 ATP. Thus, for each mole of glucose oxidized by oxidative decarboxylation followed by Krebs' cycle 30 ATP are ...
... Substrate level phosphorylation from succinyl-CoA gives 2 ATP. Oxidation of succinate to fumarate gives 2 FADH2, thus 4 ATP. Oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate gives 2 NADH.H+, i.e., 6 ATP. Thus, for each mole of glucose oxidized by oxidative decarboxylation followed by Krebs' cycle 30 ATP are ...
KEY - chem.uwec.edu
... transport system (and “reverse” electron transport by NADH oxidation by NADH-Q oxidoreductase? QH2FAD). This may produce another ATP in the proton gradient formed. The end product would be succinate. 5. Some organisms can grow using ethanol as their sole carbon source (and I believe I have spotted ...
... transport system (and “reverse” electron transport by NADH oxidation by NADH-Q oxidoreductase? QH2FAD). This may produce another ATP in the proton gradient formed. The end product would be succinate. 5. Some organisms can grow using ethanol as their sole carbon source (and I believe I have spotted ...
Biochemistry 3020 1. The consumption of
... 2. 14C-Labeled glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate was added to a yeast extract. After a short time, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate labeled with 14C at C-3 and C-4 was isolated. What was the location of the 14C lable in the starting glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate? Where did the second 14C lable in fructose 1,6-bispho ...
... 2. 14C-Labeled glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate was added to a yeast extract. After a short time, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate labeled with 14C at C-3 and C-4 was isolated. What was the location of the 14C lable in the starting glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate? Where did the second 14C lable in fructose 1,6-bispho ...
AP Biology Discussion Notes
... in a different way, that still means the same thing. Make sure to include characteristics! ...
... in a different way, that still means the same thing. Make sure to include characteristics! ...
Catabolic Pathways and Glycolysis
... – 1g carbohydrate = 4Cal – 1g protein = 4Cal – 1g fat = 9Cal ...
... – 1g carbohydrate = 4Cal – 1g protein = 4Cal – 1g fat = 9Cal ...
Key Terms and Ideas: Fill in the blanks or provide a definition in your
... 1. In cellular respiration oxidation, hydrogen is transferred from glucose to oxygen. 2. Substrate-level phosphorylation is a simple transfer of a phosphate group from the substrate molecule to the ADP. 3. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process; no oxygen is required for this process to occur. 4. The el ...
... 1. In cellular respiration oxidation, hydrogen is transferred from glucose to oxygen. 2. Substrate-level phosphorylation is a simple transfer of a phosphate group from the substrate molecule to the ADP. 3. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process; no oxygen is required for this process to occur. 4. The el ...
PATHWAYS THAT HARVEST CHEMICAL ENERGY CHAPTER 9
... • Links glycolysis and the citric acid cycle; occurs in the mitochondrial matrix • Pyruvate is oxidized to acetate and CO2 is released • NAD+ is reduced to NADH, capturing energy • Some energy is stored by combining acetate and Coenzyme A (CoA) to form acetyl CoA ...
... • Links glycolysis and the citric acid cycle; occurs in the mitochondrial matrix • Pyruvate is oxidized to acetate and CO2 is released • NAD+ is reduced to NADH, capturing energy • Some energy is stored by combining acetate and Coenzyme A (CoA) to form acetyl CoA ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.