G:\CLASSES\BI 205\Biol205_S10\exams\Final_S10.wpd
... (6 points) (A) Name two different pathways that each contain a step where a particular molecule gets two phosphate groups attached AND (B) describe the step and/or enzyme within each of these pathways where this step occurs. Finally (C), describe why each of these steps are so critically important t ...
... (6 points) (A) Name two different pathways that each contain a step where a particular molecule gets two phosphate groups attached AND (B) describe the step and/or enzyme within each of these pathways where this step occurs. Finally (C), describe why each of these steps are so critically important t ...
notes for cell resp - Fullfrontalanatomy.com
... C. If oxygen is not present 1. Glycolysis 2. Fermentation lactic acid and carbon dioxide III. Glycolysis: From Glucose to Pyruvate (cytoplasm) A. The energy-investing reactions of glycolysis require ATP 1. 2 molecules of ATP are used to add phosphate groups to the modified glucose molecule 2. The ...
... C. If oxygen is not present 1. Glycolysis 2. Fermentation lactic acid and carbon dioxide III. Glycolysis: From Glucose to Pyruvate (cytoplasm) A. The energy-investing reactions of glycolysis require ATP 1. 2 molecules of ATP are used to add phosphate groups to the modified glucose molecule 2. The ...
Cell Respiration
... • Energy payoff : 1) 4 ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation (NET gain of 2 ATP) 2) 4 NAD+ are reduced to NADH, 3) 2 pyruvates (C3H4O3) that can still ...
... • Energy payoff : 1) 4 ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation (NET gain of 2 ATP) 2) 4 NAD+ are reduced to NADH, 3) 2 pyruvates (C3H4O3) that can still ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
... Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) functions as an amino group carrier in aminotransferases ...
... Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) functions as an amino group carrier in aminotransferases ...
6.8-6.10 Citric acid cycle and Oxidative phosphorylation
... • Pyruvate does not enter the citric acid cycle, but undergoes some chemical grooming in which – a carboxyl group is removed and given off as CO2, – the two-carbon compound remaining is oxidized while a molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH, – coenzyme A joins with the two-carbon group to form acetyl ...
... • Pyruvate does not enter the citric acid cycle, but undergoes some chemical grooming in which – a carboxyl group is removed and given off as CO2, – the two-carbon compound remaining is oxidized while a molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH, – coenzyme A joins with the two-carbon group to form acetyl ...
Cell Respiration Cellular Respiration Aerobic Respiration Aerobic
... mitochondrial matrix • CO2 cleaved off of pyruvate, forming acetate • Acetate linked to Coenzyme A (CoA) to form acetyl-CoA • One NADH formed for each pyruvate ...
... mitochondrial matrix • CO2 cleaved off of pyruvate, forming acetate • Acetate linked to Coenzyme A (CoA) to form acetyl-CoA • One NADH formed for each pyruvate ...
In Anaerobic Respiration glucose is broken down
... The rate of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are synchronised by If citrate consumption increases ...
... The rate of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are synchronised by If citrate consumption increases ...
PowerPoint
... oxaloacetic acid (4C), to form citric acid (6C) • Citric acid ultimately converted into oxaloacetic acid + 2CO2 • 1 GTP, 3 NADH and 1 FADH per each acetylCoA ...
... oxaloacetic acid (4C), to form citric acid (6C) • Citric acid ultimately converted into oxaloacetic acid + 2CO2 • 1 GTP, 3 NADH and 1 FADH per each acetylCoA ...
Ans 518_class 4
... citric acid cycle in anabolism, they may not be lost since many TCA cycle intermediates are also used as precursors for the biosynthesis of other molecules. ...
... citric acid cycle in anabolism, they may not be lost since many TCA cycle intermediates are also used as precursors for the biosynthesis of other molecules. ...
chapter-23
... d. The ATP-synthase is located within the mitochondrial inner membrane. e. All of these are correct. 3. In the common metabolic pathway, which of the following molecules act(s) as a carrier of hydrogen ions and electrons? 1. ATP 2. NAD+ ...
... d. The ATP-synthase is located within the mitochondrial inner membrane. e. All of these are correct. 3. In the common metabolic pathway, which of the following molecules act(s) as a carrier of hydrogen ions and electrons? 1. ATP 2. NAD+ ...
Study Guide and Potential Essay Questions for Chapter 25
... loss mechanisms, heat vs. temperature, hyperthermia, hypothalamic thermostat, hypothermia, Krebs’ cycle (TCA or citric acid cycle), lactic acid (lactate), metabolic rate, metabolic water, metabolism, minerals, mitochondrial matrix and inner membrane, NAD+/NADH + H+, nutrient, oxidation, oxidative ph ...
... loss mechanisms, heat vs. temperature, hyperthermia, hypothalamic thermostat, hypothermia, Krebs’ cycle (TCA or citric acid cycle), lactic acid (lactate), metabolic rate, metabolic water, metabolism, minerals, mitochondrial matrix and inner membrane, NAD+/NADH + H+, nutrient, oxidation, oxidative ph ...
Metabolism, Glycolysis, & Fermentation
... • Partial oxidation of sugar to release energy (oxidize NADH to NAD+) • Summary: Glucose → 2 Lactic acid + 2 ATP Glucose → 2 ethanol + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP • Some useful in health and industry • Others are harmful - Clostridium perfringens results to gangrene - wine spoilage (acetic/lactic acid) ...
... • Partial oxidation of sugar to release energy (oxidize NADH to NAD+) • Summary: Glucose → 2 Lactic acid + 2 ATP Glucose → 2 ethanol + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP • Some useful in health and industry • Others are harmful - Clostridium perfringens results to gangrene - wine spoilage (acetic/lactic acid) ...
Protein and Lipid Catabolism
... • NADH oxidized back to NAD+ • Uses organic compound as terminal electron acceptor – Typically pyruvate or derivative • NO oxidative phosphorylation so ATP yield is low ...
... • NADH oxidized back to NAD+ • Uses organic compound as terminal electron acceptor – Typically pyruvate or derivative • NO oxidative phosphorylation so ATP yield is low ...
Review Guide for Third Exam in Biochemistry 507 (1997)
... the series of steps that occur on the enzyme. 2. Know each intermediate of the citric acid cycle, each cofactor, and the enzyme that catalyzes each step. 3. Be ready to describe the analogy between the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase reaction and the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction at the level of che ...
... the series of steps that occur on the enzyme. 2. Know each intermediate of the citric acid cycle, each cofactor, and the enzyme that catalyzes each step. 3. Be ready to describe the analogy between the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase reaction and the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction at the level of che ...
MCQs in Carbohydrate Metabolism
... (c) Ovum (d) Red cell 2. In aerobic glycolysis, glucose is first broken down to pyruvate and then to CO2 and H2O in the Kreb's cycle; but in anaerobic glycolysis it does not stop at pyruvate but forms lactate. Why? (a) Because pyruvate is toxic in larger concentration. (b) Because pyruvate can form ...
... (c) Ovum (d) Red cell 2. In aerobic glycolysis, glucose is first broken down to pyruvate and then to CO2 and H2O in the Kreb's cycle; but in anaerobic glycolysis it does not stop at pyruvate but forms lactate. Why? (a) Because pyruvate is toxic in larger concentration. (b) Because pyruvate can form ...
simple basic metabolism
... absorbed into the cells of our body. As these molecules of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids are broken down further, energy is released. This energy is used in the cells to synthesize high—energy compounds such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Our cells utilize ATP energy when they do work such ...
... absorbed into the cells of our body. As these molecules of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids are broken down further, energy is released. This energy is used in the cells to synthesize high—energy compounds such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Our cells utilize ATP energy when they do work such ...
Practice Test Chapter 9
... A) energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase B) energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport system C) No external source of energy is required because the reaction is exergonic. D) energy released from substrate-level phosphorylation E) energy released from A ...
... A) energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase B) energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport system C) No external source of energy is required because the reaction is exergonic. D) energy released from substrate-level phosphorylation E) energy released from A ...
CHAPTER 2 The Chemistry of Living Things
... Why are there differences in the end products of glycolysis based on oxygen availability? ...
... Why are there differences in the end products of glycolysis based on oxygen availability? ...
Mattie Knebel Kyler Salazar Jared Hansen Biology 1610 Sperry
... 3 Carbon molecules called Pyruvate. This cycle takes place in the cytosol, located just outside of the mitochondria. This process has a net gain of 2 ATP which is then carried on to the next cycle. Diagram A, which can be found on our flow chart, shows this process. The 2nd cycle, the Citric Acid Cy ...
... 3 Carbon molecules called Pyruvate. This cycle takes place in the cytosol, located just outside of the mitochondria. This process has a net gain of 2 ATP which is then carried on to the next cycle. Diagram A, which can be found on our flow chart, shows this process. The 2nd cycle, the Citric Acid Cy ...
Cellular Respiration Handout
... chain, FMNH2 passes electrons to several ironsulfur centers and then to coenzyme Q, which picks up an additional H+ from the surrounding aqueous medium. As a result, FMNH2 is oxidized to FMN. The next sequence in the transport chain involves cytochromes, iron-sulfur clusters, and copper atoms locate ...
... chain, FMNH2 passes electrons to several ironsulfur centers and then to coenzyme Q, which picks up an additional H+ from the surrounding aqueous medium. As a result, FMNH2 is oxidized to FMN. The next sequence in the transport chain involves cytochromes, iron-sulfur clusters, and copper atoms locate ...
Homework #4: VERSION 2.1
... Don’t forget 2 – the hard copy you hand in during class should only have the last four digits of your PID # as an identifier. ...
... Don’t forget 2 – the hard copy you hand in during class should only have the last four digits of your PID # as an identifier. ...
Cellular Respiration Check-in Questions: THESE Questions are
... a. The function of the citric acid cycle is oxidation of an acetyl group to CO2 with production of high-energy reduced compounds and ATP. b. The function of fermentation is to continue the oxidation of pyruvate in the absence of oxygen. c. The function of glycolysis is to begin catabolism by breakin ...
... a. The function of the citric acid cycle is oxidation of an acetyl group to CO2 with production of high-energy reduced compounds and ATP. b. The function of fermentation is to continue the oxidation of pyruvate in the absence of oxygen. c. The function of glycolysis is to begin catabolism by breakin ...
The Citric Acid Cycle - Rubin Risto Gulaboski
... + FADH from the Citric Acid Cycle will now move on to the Electron Transport ...
... + FADH from the Citric Acid Cycle will now move on to the Electron Transport ...
CHAPTER-III CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
... organisms to generate energy through the oxidization of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide. In addition, the cycle provides precursors including certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous biochemical reactions. Its central ...
... organisms to generate energy through the oxidization of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide. In addition, the cycle provides precursors including certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous biochemical reactions. Its central ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.