9.2 The Process of Respiration
... Total Output is Doubled: ATP= 2 NADH= 8 (16 electrons) FADH= 2 (4 electrons) ...
... Total Output is Doubled: ATP= 2 NADH= 8 (16 electrons) FADH= 2 (4 electrons) ...
HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 6 STUDY GUIDE
... 1. What are the two electron carriers?______________________ and ______________________ 2. What is the final electron acceptor?_________________________ 3. What product forms when the electrons and and H+ join this final electron acceptor?_________ 4. As the e- are picked up by the ETC, where do the ...
... 1. What are the two electron carriers?______________________ and ______________________ 2. What is the final electron acceptor?_________________________ 3. What product forms when the electrons and and H+ join this final electron acceptor?_________ 4. As the e- are picked up by the ETC, where do the ...
HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTERy 6 STUDY GUIDE
... 1. What are the two electron carriers?______________________ and ______________________ 2. What is the final electron acceptor?_________________________ 3. What product forms when the electrons and and H+ join this final electron acceptor?_________ 4. As the e- are picked up by the ETC, where do the ...
... 1. What are the two electron carriers?______________________ and ______________________ 2. What is the final electron acceptor?_________________________ 3. What product forms when the electrons and and H+ join this final electron acceptor?_________ 4. As the e- are picked up by the ETC, where do the ...
Energy Releasing Pathway
... The next two outcomes only happen if oxygen is present in the cell. ii. The NADH + H+ transported to the mitochondria and used in the electron transport chain. iii. The 2pyruvic acids are each combined to Co enzyme A (CoA) to go to the mitochondria and the Kreb’s cycle. ...
... The next two outcomes only happen if oxygen is present in the cell. ii. The NADH + H+ transported to the mitochondria and used in the electron transport chain. iii. The 2pyruvic acids are each combined to Co enzyme A (CoA) to go to the mitochondria and the Kreb’s cycle. ...
Quiz8ch8.doc
... 10. ____________________ is the process in which hydrogen ions move down their concentration gradient through ATP-synthesizing enzymes. a. substrate level phosphorylation b. facilitated diffusion c. outer phosphorylation d. chemiosmosis ...
... 10. ____________________ is the process in which hydrogen ions move down their concentration gradient through ATP-synthesizing enzymes. a. substrate level phosphorylation b. facilitated diffusion c. outer phosphorylation d. chemiosmosis ...
Recitation Presentation #7 - McKenna`s MBios 303 Archive Site
... What are Oxidation and Reduction? Oxidation: Loss of electrons Reduction: Gain of electrons ...
... What are Oxidation and Reduction? Oxidation: Loss of electrons Reduction: Gain of electrons ...
Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle Krebs Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation
... NADH (~ 3 ATP after ET) Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs Cycle Anaerobic: occurs in cytoplasm Pyruvate + NADH → Lactate + NAD+ no ATP produced; makes NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue Part of the Cori Cycle at right ...
... NADH (~ 3 ATP after ET) Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs Cycle Anaerobic: occurs in cytoplasm Pyruvate + NADH → Lactate + NAD+ no ATP produced; makes NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue Part of the Cori Cycle at right ...
Citric Acid cycle or Tricarboxylic Acid cycle or Krebs Cycle
... Conservation of energy of oxidation in the CAC: The two carbon acetyl group generated in PDC reaction enter the CAC, and two molecules of CO2 are released in on cycle. Thus there is complete oxidation of two carbons during one cycle. Although the two carbons which enter the cycle become the p ...
... Conservation of energy of oxidation in the CAC: The two carbon acetyl group generated in PDC reaction enter the CAC, and two molecules of CO2 are released in on cycle. Thus there is complete oxidation of two carbons during one cycle. Although the two carbons which enter the cycle become the p ...
Chapter 8 Lecture Notes - Science Learning Center
... Cell Respiration The overall reaction for cell respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP (this reaction is the reverse of photosynthesis) There are three stages to cell respiration: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... Cell Respiration The overall reaction for cell respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP (this reaction is the reverse of photosynthesis) There are three stages to cell respiration: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation. ...
Cellular respiration is the of food
... oxygen is available, the pyruvate is broken down into ______________ or ________________ and carbon dioxide. This is called anaerobic respiration or _________________. The entire process occurs in the ...
... oxygen is available, the pyruvate is broken down into ______________ or ________________ and carbon dioxide. This is called anaerobic respiration or _________________. The entire process occurs in the ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... • This oxidation powers the reduction of 3 NAD+ 3 NADH and 1 FAD+ FADH2 as well as the phosphorylation of ADP ATP. • Also get e-’s and protons (H+) for ETC/Chemiosomosis ...
... • This oxidation powers the reduction of 3 NAD+ 3 NADH and 1 FAD+ FADH2 as well as the phosphorylation of ADP ATP. • Also get e-’s and protons (H+) for ETC/Chemiosomosis ...
The Basics of Cellular Respiration
... given off, and NADH is formed • 4) 4C acid is “rearranged” 1ATP, and FADH2 is formed. • 5) 4C acid becomes oxaloacetate, and NADH is formed, The oxaloacetate is involved in a series of reactions and the cycle begins again. Since each molecule of C6H12O6 produces 2 pyruvic acid molecules in glycolysi ...
... given off, and NADH is formed • 4) 4C acid is “rearranged” 1ATP, and FADH2 is formed. • 5) 4C acid becomes oxaloacetate, and NADH is formed, The oxaloacetate is involved in a series of reactions and the cycle begins again. Since each molecule of C6H12O6 produces 2 pyruvic acid molecules in glycolysi ...
Cellular Respiration
... Electron Transport Chain – uses the high energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi MOST of the energy produced from the breakdown of glucose occurs here (32/34 ATP molecules) O2 is the final electron acceptor ...
... Electron Transport Chain – uses the high energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi MOST of the energy produced from the breakdown of glucose occurs here (32/34 ATP molecules) O2 is the final electron acceptor ...
Cell Respiration Basics
... During the Krebs cycle Acetyl CoA molecules formed from pyruvic acid molecules, are broken down. CO2 is given off, and ATP is produced. (1 ATP per each pyruvic acid or each turn of the cycle.) ...
... During the Krebs cycle Acetyl CoA molecules formed from pyruvic acid molecules, are broken down. CO2 is given off, and ATP is produced. (1 ATP per each pyruvic acid or each turn of the cycle.) ...
citric acid cycle
... pyruvate through the citric acid cycle. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is allosterically inhibited at high [ATP]/[ADP], [NADH]/[NAD+], and [acetyl-CoA]/[CoA] rations, all of which indicate the energy-sufficent metabolic state. When these rations decrease, allosteric activation of pyruvate oxidat ...
... pyruvate through the citric acid cycle. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is allosterically inhibited at high [ATP]/[ADP], [NADH]/[NAD+], and [acetyl-CoA]/[CoA] rations, all of which indicate the energy-sufficent metabolic state. When these rations decrease, allosteric activation of pyruvate oxidat ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... • Process in which cells consume O2 and produce CO2 • Provides more energy (ATP) from glucose than Glycolysis • Also captures energy stored in lipids and amino acids • Evolutionary origin: developed about 2.5 billion years ago • Used by animals, plants, and many microorganisms • Occurs in three majo ...
... • Process in which cells consume O2 and produce CO2 • Provides more energy (ATP) from glucose than Glycolysis • Also captures energy stored in lipids and amino acids • Evolutionary origin: developed about 2.5 billion years ago • Used by animals, plants, and many microorganisms • Occurs in three majo ...
Chapter 16 The Citric Acid Cycle
... 14. Which of the following cofactors is required for the conversion of succinate to fumarate in the citric acid cycle? A) ATP B) Biotin C) FAD D) NAD+ E) NADP+ 15. The conversion of 1 mol of pyruvate to 3 mol of CO2 via pyruvate dehydrogenase and the citric acid cycle also yields _____ mol of NADH, ...
... 14. Which of the following cofactors is required for the conversion of succinate to fumarate in the citric acid cycle? A) ATP B) Biotin C) FAD D) NAD+ E) NADP+ 15. The conversion of 1 mol of pyruvate to 3 mol of CO2 via pyruvate dehydrogenase and the citric acid cycle also yields _____ mol of NADH, ...
Cell Respiration ch. 9
... Inner membrane proteins (cytochromes) carry electrons from NADH & FADH2 down to oxygen Chemiosmosis: energy coupling mechanism ATP synthase: produces ATP by using the H+ gradient (proton-motive force) pumped into the inner membrane space from the electron transport chain; this enzyme harnesses the f ...
... Inner membrane proteins (cytochromes) carry electrons from NADH & FADH2 down to oxygen Chemiosmosis: energy coupling mechanism ATP synthase: produces ATP by using the H+ gradient (proton-motive force) pumped into the inner membrane space from the electron transport chain; this enzyme harnesses the f ...
Document
... Conservation of energy of oxidation in the CAC: The two carbon acetyl group generated in PDC reaction enter the CAC, and two molecules of CO2 are released in on cycle. Thus there is complete oxidation of two carbons during one cycle. Although the two carbons which enter the cycle become the part of ...
... Conservation of energy of oxidation in the CAC: The two carbon acetyl group generated in PDC reaction enter the CAC, and two molecules of CO2 are released in on cycle. Thus there is complete oxidation of two carbons during one cycle. Although the two carbons which enter the cycle become the part of ...
• Microbial Metabolism • What is metabolism? • All chemical
... Need sufficient activation energy Number of molecules above this activation level = reaction rate ...
... Need sufficient activation energy Number of molecules above this activation level = reaction rate ...
THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... • Compare to ATP phosphate hydrolysis at -30 kJ/mole • We preserve that energy by making GTP • This reaction utilizes a swinging histidine side chain to transfer the PO42- group from succinyl phosphate to ...
... • Compare to ATP phosphate hydrolysis at -30 kJ/mole • We preserve that energy by making GTP • This reaction utilizes a swinging histidine side chain to transfer the PO42- group from succinyl phosphate to ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.