* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Chapter 4 Cellular Respiration
Fatty acid synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Fatty acid metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Metalloprotein wikipedia , lookup
Mitochondrion wikipedia , lookup
Basal metabolic rate wikipedia , lookup
Butyric acid wikipedia , lookup
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (H+-translocating) wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Adenosine triphosphate wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthetic reaction centre wikipedia , lookup
Electron transport chain wikipedia , lookup
Light-dependent reactions wikipedia , lookup
Microbial metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Biochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Oxidative phosphorylation wikipedia , lookup
Chapter 4 Cellular Respiration GCA Mr. Cobb Cellular respiration Food (glucose) into ATP Not “breathing” It can be either aerobic or anaerobic Aerobic – require oxygen Anaerobic – does not require oxygen 3 Stages of Aerobic Cellular Respiration Glycolysis Preparation Step & Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s Cycle) Electron Transport Glycolysis 1st step in aerobic or anaerobic Location: cytoplasm of cell Glucose 2 Pyruvic Acid molecules This process does not require Oxygen. Total energy made is 4 ATP, but 2 is needed to start the rxn. 2 ATP is extra. What is made? 2 NADPH, 2 ATP, 2 Pyruvic Acids Glycolysis glucose pyruvate Glycolysis Glucose Pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid Aerobic O2 required Release H2O and CO2 and energy Remember that cellular respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis. C6H1206 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis is 1st step and in both aerobic or anaerobic respiration 2 Steps in Aerobic Respiration: 2. Citric Acid Cycle or Krebs Cycle 3. Hydrogen and Electron Transport System Cellular Respiration Flowchart (aerobic) Glucose (C6H1206) + Oxygen (02) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) + ATP Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs) 2 Pyruvic acids from glycolysis diffuses into the mitochondria. Pyruvic acid is turned into acetyl CoA and CO2 is released. One glucose molecule makes the cycle turn twice Chemical rxns in Mitochondria Products: 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP and 4 CO2 Krebs cycle pyruvate acetyl CoA & CO2 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion H+ and e- transport molecules: 1) NADH 2) FADH2 Electron Transport NADH and FADH2 from Krebs Cycle are pumped by electron energy across the inner membrane (cristae) and creates a concentration difference. The H ions come back across through the ATP synthase and create ATP. Oxygen (from what we breathe in) comes in and binds to the H ions to make water. Electron Transport 32 ATP Water is made from the Hydrogen and Oxygen. Electron Transport Mitochondria * two membranes - outer - inner (folded) Animation http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio2 31/krebs.html ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN Mitochondria H+ H+ e- eFADH2 NADH H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ matrix H+ H+ H+ H+ Electrons * passed across inner membrane * their energy gradually decreases * energy used to transport H+ into the intermembrane space. electrons Oxygen * the final electron acceptor * joins with H+ to produce H2O. If there is no oxygen, the electron chain stops because there is no way to release electrons . Mitochondria H+ H+ e- eFADH2 NADH H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ matrix H+ H+ H+ H+ What happens when there is no oxygen to accept the electrons? * glycolysis done * then fermentation in cytoplasm 2 kinds 1) lactic acid 2) ethanol 2 6 Products of Fermentation fermentation 0 ATP Just takes e-& H+ off NADH so glycolysis can continue Alcoholic Fermentation After glucose broken down to pyruvate, then pyruvate broken down to CO2 and ETHANOL. Alcoholic Fermentation by bacteria & yeast used to make bread, alcohol, Lactic Acid fermentation By human muscle cells & bacteria Used to make cheese, yogurt, sour kraut If you work anaerobically, fermentation occurs in your muscles lactic acid builds up results in muscle soreness