Big Idea #2
... of pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH Pyruvate oxidation: two pyruvates enter the mitochondrial matrix. They are converted to 2 Acetyl CoA which go on to the Krebs Cycles; and 2 NADH which go on to oxidative phosphorylation. Krebs Cycle: Occurs in mitochondrial matrix. Two turns of the cycle convert th ...
... of pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH Pyruvate oxidation: two pyruvates enter the mitochondrial matrix. They are converted to 2 Acetyl CoA which go on to the Krebs Cycles; and 2 NADH which go on to oxidative phosphorylation. Krebs Cycle: Occurs in mitochondrial matrix. Two turns of the cycle convert th ...
11A
... ____The electron transport chain is driven by two products of the Krebs cyclea) oxaloacetic acid and citric acid c) NADH and FADH2 b) H2O and CO2 d) acetyl CoA and ATP ____In the first step of aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid from glycolysis produces CO2, NADH, H+, and a) citric acid ...
... ____The electron transport chain is driven by two products of the Krebs cyclea) oxaloacetic acid and citric acid c) NADH and FADH2 b) H2O and CO2 d) acetyl CoA and ATP ____In the first step of aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid from glycolysis produces CO2, NADH, H+, and a) citric acid ...
BIOC*4520 - University of Guelph
... functioning of a complete biochemical system. Principles of organic reaction mechanisms will be introduced and used to demonstrate the chemical logic governing synthesis and breakdown of the major groups of biochemical substances. A basic organic chemistry background (nucleophiles, electrophiles, el ...
... functioning of a complete biochemical system. Principles of organic reaction mechanisms will be introduced and used to demonstrate the chemical logic governing synthesis and breakdown of the major groups of biochemical substances. A basic organic chemistry background (nucleophiles, electrophiles, el ...
DG o
... Can divide metabolism into 4 groups: carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, nucleotides. within each group are a set of pathways arbitrarily set start and end points for ease of learning and reference pathways can take different forms: 1) linear - product of one reaction is substrate for another ...
... Can divide metabolism into 4 groups: carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, nucleotides. within each group are a set of pathways arbitrarily set start and end points for ease of learning and reference pathways can take different forms: 1) linear - product of one reaction is substrate for another ...
Hypoxia Oxidative phosphorylation contribution to ATP production
... expression via HIF. HIF1 is constitutively expressed. A heme-based receptor detects O2 levels and leads to an oxygen-dependent modification of HIF1. This modification allows HIF1 to be ubiquinated, which targets it for destruction. When HIF1 is not modified, it can dimerize with ARNT to form a heter ...
... expression via HIF. HIF1 is constitutively expressed. A heme-based receptor detects O2 levels and leads to an oxygen-dependent modification of HIF1. This modification allows HIF1 to be ubiquinated, which targets it for destruction. When HIF1 is not modified, it can dimerize with ARNT to form a heter ...
RESPIRATION Metabolic processes that need energy include
... Fatty acids = long-chain hydrocarbons with a carboxylic acid group. In each molecule there is carbons and hydrogen atoms – source of many protons for oxidative phosphorylation so they produce a lot of ATP: Each fatty acid is combined with CoA using energy from the hydrolysis of a molecule of ATP ...
... Fatty acids = long-chain hydrocarbons with a carboxylic acid group. In each molecule there is carbons and hydrogen atoms – source of many protons for oxidative phosphorylation so they produce a lot of ATP: Each fatty acid is combined with CoA using energy from the hydrolysis of a molecule of ATP ...
Carbon compounds - Sonoma Valley High School
... • It can form single, double or triple bonds with other atoms. • Carbon is central to large, organic molecules • It is the ‘backbone’ of the molecule. Left side: what does ‘backbone’ mean in this context? ...
... • It can form single, double or triple bonds with other atoms. • Carbon is central to large, organic molecules • It is the ‘backbone’ of the molecule. Left side: what does ‘backbone’ mean in this context? ...
Document
... • Electrons do not flow unless ADP is present for phosphorylation • Increased ADP levels cause an increase in catabolic reactions of various enzymes including: glycogen phosphorylase phosphofructokinase citrate synthase ...
... • Electrons do not flow unless ADP is present for phosphorylation • Increased ADP levels cause an increase in catabolic reactions of various enzymes including: glycogen phosphorylase phosphofructokinase citrate synthase ...
O 2
... • Mitochondrial matrix: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex Citric acid cycle Fatty acid oxidation ...
... • Mitochondrial matrix: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex Citric acid cycle Fatty acid oxidation ...
PHOTOTROPHS
... 2) !-ketoglutarate-synthase instead of "ketoglutaratedehydrogenase 3) Fumarate synthase instead of succinate dehydrogenase ...
... 2) !-ketoglutarate-synthase instead of "ketoglutaratedehydrogenase 3) Fumarate synthase instead of succinate dehydrogenase ...
CHAPTER 12 – RESPIRATION
... beginning, four have been made at the end. However, this is not all the ATP which can be made in this process. The conversion of triose phosphate into GP also releases hydrogen ions (H+) and electrons (e-) which are transferred to the coenzyme NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) to form reduced ...
... beginning, four have been made at the end. However, this is not all the ATP which can be made in this process. The conversion of triose phosphate into GP also releases hydrogen ions (H+) and electrons (e-) which are transferred to the coenzyme NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) to form reduced ...
Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways
... glucose and break the bonds so that the energy trapped in those bonds is released, transferred to ATP, and can be used by the cell to make other things that it needs. 29. Glycolysis: The first sentence is self-explanatory. Note that oxygen is not required for this first step in cellular respiration. ...
... glucose and break the bonds so that the energy trapped in those bonds is released, transferred to ATP, and can be used by the cell to make other things that it needs. 29. Glycolysis: The first sentence is self-explanatory. Note that oxygen is not required for this first step in cellular respiration. ...
9.8 Photosynthesis 2 (calvin cycle)
... – 3 turns of Calvin cycle = 1 G3P – 3 CO2 1 G3P (3C) – 6 turns of Calvin cycle = 1 C6H12O6 (6C) – 6 CO2 1 C6H12O6 (6C) ...
... – 3 turns of Calvin cycle = 1 G3P – 3 CO2 1 G3P (3C) – 6 turns of Calvin cycle = 1 C6H12O6 (6C) – 6 CO2 1 C6H12O6 (6C) ...
Chapter 10. Photosynthesis: The Calvin Cycle Life
... Remember what it means to be a plant… Need to produce all organic molecules necessary for growth carbohydrates, lipids proteins, nucleic acids ...
... Remember what it means to be a plant… Need to produce all organic molecules necessary for growth carbohydrates, lipids proteins, nucleic acids ...
1. Products of Amino Acid Transamination Name
... 12. Role of Cobalamin in Amino Acid Catabolism Pernicious anemia is caused by impaired absorption of vitamin B12. What is the effect of this impairment on the catabolism of amino acids? Are all amino acids equally affected? (Hint: see Box 17–2.) Answer The catabolism of the carbon skeletons of valin ...
... 12. Role of Cobalamin in Amino Acid Catabolism Pernicious anemia is caused by impaired absorption of vitamin B12. What is the effect of this impairment on the catabolism of amino acids? Are all amino acids equally affected? (Hint: see Box 17–2.) Answer The catabolism of the carbon skeletons of valin ...
Overview of metabolism
... glucose. • Multicellular animals and most microorganisms are heterotrophic. • It must subsist on the products of other organisms. ...
... glucose. • Multicellular animals and most microorganisms are heterotrophic. • It must subsist on the products of other organisms. ...
Ch 26 Powerpoint
... • Fatty acids undergo beta oxidation which produces 2-carbon acetic acid fragments, that can enter the Krebs cycle, or form ketone bodies ...
... • Fatty acids undergo beta oxidation which produces 2-carbon acetic acid fragments, that can enter the Krebs cycle, or form ketone bodies ...
Respiration in Plants
... Ans: In fermentation, say by yeast, the incomplete oxidation of glucose under anaerobic conditions results in pyruvic acid converted to CO2 and ethanol. The enzymes, pyruvic acid decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase catalyse these reactions. Other organisms like some bacteria produce lactic acid ...
... Ans: In fermentation, say by yeast, the incomplete oxidation of glucose under anaerobic conditions results in pyruvic acid converted to CO2 and ethanol. The enzymes, pyruvic acid decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase catalyse these reactions. Other organisms like some bacteria produce lactic acid ...
Energy - Doctor Jade Main
... aerobic processes occur. Inside the mitochondrion, a multi-enzyme complexpyruvate dehydrogenase converts pyruvateacetyl CoA, a two carbon metabolite. This is a major branch point in metabolism. Acetyl CoA can be converted into fatty acids, amino acids or made into energy. The Krebs cycle was named ...
... aerobic processes occur. Inside the mitochondrion, a multi-enzyme complexpyruvate dehydrogenase converts pyruvateacetyl CoA, a two carbon metabolite. This is a major branch point in metabolism. Acetyl CoA can be converted into fatty acids, amino acids or made into energy. The Krebs cycle was named ...
Biomolecules Unit Review File
... 12. Draw a single nucleotide. Draw a chain of nucleic acid. How many strands does DNA have? How many strands does RNA have? 13. What provides more energy lipids or carbohydrates? What type of energy are each of them? 14. What is glycogen? Where can you find it? What organisms utilize glycogen? 15. W ...
... 12. Draw a single nucleotide. Draw a chain of nucleic acid. How many strands does DNA have? How many strands does RNA have? 13. What provides more energy lipids or carbohydrates? What type of energy are each of them? 14. What is glycogen? Where can you find it? What organisms utilize glycogen? 15. W ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... Plasmalogens contain an enol ether linkage at C2 position. ...
... Plasmalogens contain an enol ether linkage at C2 position. ...
Macromolecules and Enzymes
... Effect of temperature and pH • The temperature and pH must be in check for an enzyme to be used • Sometimes that can be too high • Sometimes that can be too low • When the circumstances are too high or too low, nothing happens • When the circumstances are just right, enzymes go to work and the subs ...
... Effect of temperature and pH • The temperature and pH must be in check for an enzyme to be used • Sometimes that can be too high • Sometimes that can be too low • When the circumstances are too high or too low, nothing happens • When the circumstances are just right, enzymes go to work and the subs ...
Respiration - Goffs School
... Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy contained in organic molecules is made available for all of the active processes within a cell. The usual substrate (the organic substance from which energy is released) is glucose, although fats, amino acids and other substrates can be used if ...
... Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy contained in organic molecules is made available for all of the active processes within a cell. The usual substrate (the organic substance from which energy is released) is glucose, although fats, amino acids and other substrates can be used if ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.