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... acids in two-carbon units. These two carbon molecules form acetyl-CoA. The newly created acetyl-CoA from pyruvate or beta-oxidation of fats can be oxidised to carbon dioxide (CO2) in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). The critical aspect of the TCA cycle is producing hydrogen atoms for transport to ...
... acids in two-carbon units. These two carbon molecules form acetyl-CoA. The newly created acetyl-CoA from pyruvate or beta-oxidation of fats can be oxidised to carbon dioxide (CO2) in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). The critical aspect of the TCA cycle is producing hydrogen atoms for transport to ...
video slide
... by NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
... by NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
Pg. ___ 4/28 Daily Catalyst
... A) Unicellular organisms that live in freshwater, such as amoeba, must pump out excess water using their contractile vacuole B) The enzyme lactase binds with lactose to produce molecules of glucose and galactose C) Electrons escaping from chlorophyll a are replaced by those released by the hydrolysi ...
... A) Unicellular organisms that live in freshwater, such as amoeba, must pump out excess water using their contractile vacuole B) The enzyme lactase binds with lactose to produce molecules of glucose and galactose C) Electrons escaping from chlorophyll a are replaced by those released by the hydrolysi ...
Carbohydrates
... The Kreb’s cycle takes place inside the matrix of mitochondria. It is also called aerobic respiration. The acetyl – coA enters the Kreb’s Cycle, undergoes a series of changes and is oxidized to CO2 and H2 O liberating energy. (i) Formation of Citric Acid: In presence of condensation enzyme Citrate S ...
... The Kreb’s cycle takes place inside the matrix of mitochondria. It is also called aerobic respiration. The acetyl – coA enters the Kreb’s Cycle, undergoes a series of changes and is oxidized to CO2 and H2 O liberating energy. (i) Formation of Citric Acid: In presence of condensation enzyme Citrate S ...
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... The goal of this course is to learn about general aspects of biochemical pathways from the perspective of the chemical principles and chemical reactions. We will cover: 1. Biochemical structures. We will study detailed aspects of the three-dimensional structure of proteins, and how this translates i ...
... The goal of this course is to learn about general aspects of biochemical pathways from the perspective of the chemical principles and chemical reactions. We will cover: 1. Biochemical structures. We will study detailed aspects of the three-dimensional structure of proteins, and how this translates i ...
Answer the following short questions Q 1
... Uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) can be formed directly from UDP- galactose by the enzyme UDP-glucose 4-epimerase Q2 The process of fatty acid biosynthesis shows several features which distinguish it clearly from fatty acid oxidation, these include the requirement for NADPH and biotin Q3 The pento ...
... Uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) can be formed directly from UDP- galactose by the enzyme UDP-glucose 4-epimerase Q2 The process of fatty acid biosynthesis shows several features which distinguish it clearly from fatty acid oxidation, these include the requirement for NADPH and biotin Q3 The pento ...
electron transport chain
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP ...
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP ...
READ MORE - MindBody Medicine Center
... Since NAD is so fundamental to good health, how is it that we can become deficient in this powerful molecule? First of all, the vitamins, minerals, complex carbohydrates, proteins and fats come from o ...
... Since NAD is so fundamental to good health, how is it that we can become deficient in this powerful molecule? First of all, the vitamins, minerals, complex carbohydrates, proteins and fats come from o ...
electron transport chain
... glucose NADH electron transport chain proton-motive force ATP • About 34% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making about 32 ATP • There are several reasons why the number of ATP is not known exactly © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... glucose NADH electron transport chain proton-motive force ATP • About 34% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making about 32 ATP • There are several reasons why the number of ATP is not known exactly © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... 21. The diagram covers only one pyruvate, although two pyruvates are formed from a single glucose. How many molecules of the following are formed from the breakdown of glucose? a. NADH = __________ b. FADH2 = __________ c. ATP = __________ 22. The step that converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA at the top ...
... 21. The diagram covers only one pyruvate, although two pyruvates are formed from a single glucose. How many molecules of the following are formed from the breakdown of glucose? a. NADH = __________ b. FADH2 = __________ c. ATP = __________ 22. The step that converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA at the top ...
Aerobic & Anaerobic Metabolism in Muscles
... ATP is necessary for cellular housekeeping duties, e.g.: ATP is used for glycogenesis (storage form of glucose) ATP is used to create another energy storage compound called creatine phosphate ...
... ATP is necessary for cellular housekeeping duties, e.g.: ATP is used for glycogenesis (storage form of glucose) ATP is used to create another energy storage compound called creatine phosphate ...
Cellular Respiration Powerpoint
... The Purpose of Cellular Respiration It is to make and break bonds to generate ATP and electrons. You end up with ATP, H ions and electrons. The electrons are sent to the Electron Transport Chain where they help to make ATP through ATP synthase. ****Hydrogen ions are bonded with oxygen to make water ...
... The Purpose of Cellular Respiration It is to make and break bonds to generate ATP and electrons. You end up with ATP, H ions and electrons. The electrons are sent to the Electron Transport Chain where they help to make ATP through ATP synthase. ****Hydrogen ions are bonded with oxygen to make water ...
Molecules of Life Worksheet
... 22. Most lipids are made of ______________ acids. Describe their shape. What functional group is found on the head end of the molecule? 23. Are both ends of a fatty acid polar? Explain. 24. Hydrophilic means water ___________. Which end of a fatty acid is hydrophilic? The non-polar end of a fatty a ...
... 22. Most lipids are made of ______________ acids. Describe their shape. What functional group is found on the head end of the molecule? 23. Are both ends of a fatty acid polar? Explain. 24. Hydrophilic means water ___________. Which end of a fatty acid is hydrophilic? The non-polar end of a fatty a ...
Exam I Sample Questions
... Most amino acids have a central carbon bonded to four other atoms All amino acids have at least one carboxyl group Peptide bonds result when the amino group of one amino acid bonds with the central carbon of a neighboring amino acid Properties of amino acid are determined by the physical properties ...
... Most amino acids have a central carbon bonded to four other atoms All amino acids have at least one carboxyl group Peptide bonds result when the amino group of one amino acid bonds with the central carbon of a neighboring amino acid Properties of amino acid are determined by the physical properties ...
oxidize
... • As these electrons are transferred from one substance to another, energy is transferred as well. • Recall that electrons have energy!!!! • Think of these electrons as moving packets of energy as they oxidize substances they leave and reduce ...
... • As these electrons are transferred from one substance to another, energy is transferred as well. • Recall that electrons have energy!!!! • Think of these electrons as moving packets of energy as they oxidize substances they leave and reduce ...
Honors Biology Notes:
... Electron Transport chain and ______________________________________________ – occurs on the ___________________ of the mitochondria – produces up to ________________________ – _____________________ process a maximum of ___________ molecules ATP are produced per molecule of glucose during cellular re ...
... Electron Transport chain and ______________________________________________ – occurs on the ___________________ of the mitochondria – produces up to ________________________ – _____________________ process a maximum of ___________ molecules ATP are produced per molecule of glucose during cellular re ...
The Fate of Glucose
... oxygen is not required electron acceptor is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD --> NADH ...
... oxygen is not required electron acceptor is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD --> NADH ...
Energetics - The Practical Educator
... Amino acids • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GzR-k7-dZ4 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBRFIMcxZNM ...
... Amino acids • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GzR-k7-dZ4 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBRFIMcxZNM ...
Cellular Respiration Power Point
... Animal Cells use many kinds of organic molecules as fuel for cellular respiration • Polysaccharides can be broken down to monosaccharides and then converted to glucose for glycolysis • Proteins can be digested to amino acids, which are chemically altered and then used in the Krebs cycle • Fats are ...
... Animal Cells use many kinds of organic molecules as fuel for cellular respiration • Polysaccharides can be broken down to monosaccharides and then converted to glucose for glycolysis • Proteins can be digested to amino acids, which are chemically altered and then used in the Krebs cycle • Fats are ...
Principles of Metabolic Regulation
... • Pyruvate can be a source of new glucose – Store energy as glycogen – Generate NADPH via pentose phosphate pathway • Pyruvate can be a source of acetyl-CoA – Store energy as body fat – Make ATP via citric acid cycle • Acetyl-CoA stimulates glucose synthesis by activating pyruvate carboxylase ...
... • Pyruvate can be a source of new glucose – Store energy as glycogen – Generate NADPH via pentose phosphate pathway • Pyruvate can be a source of acetyl-CoA – Store energy as body fat – Make ATP via citric acid cycle • Acetyl-CoA stimulates glucose synthesis by activating pyruvate carboxylase ...
Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Lectures For UG-5
... • No ATP is directly consumed or produced in the cycle. Carbon one of glucose 6-phosphate is released as CO2, and two NADPH are produced for each glucose 6-phosphate molecule entering the oxidative part of the pathway. • The rate and direction of the reversible reactions of the pentose phosphate pat ...
... • No ATP is directly consumed or produced in the cycle. Carbon one of glucose 6-phosphate is released as CO2, and two NADPH are produced for each glucose 6-phosphate molecule entering the oxidative part of the pathway. • The rate and direction of the reversible reactions of the pentose phosphate pat ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.