Download Molecules of Life Worksheet

Molecules of Life Worksheet
1. Name the 4 main classes of macromolecules (organic molecules) & tell what 3 elements all of these contain.
Carbohydrates store energy for organisms!
2. In what ratio are hydrogen & oxygen atoms in carbohydrates?
3. In what 3 forms do carbohydrates exist?
4. What are the monomers of carbohydrates called? What is their common name? Give the ratio of carbons, hydrogens, &
oxygens.
5. Name the 3 MOST common monosaccharides. How do they compare? Write the chemical formula for all three.
6. Because all 3 simple sugars have the same chemical formula, but different structural formulas, they are called
_______________.
7. What are double sugars called? Name & describe the process that forms them.
8. Name a disaccharide.
9. What forms a polysaccharide? Name a polysaccharide found in animals. Name 2 found in plants?
10. What chemical reaction formed these large molecules? What reaction would be needed to break these molecules?
Proteins are used to build cells, & they act as enzymes!
11. What are the 4 main elements making up proteins? How many covalent bonds does each of these elements form?
12. What are the monomers of proteins called? How many are there? Name the 4 things bonded to the center carbon of this
monomer.
13. The main difference among amino acids is their ____ group. What is the R-group on glycine? on alanine?
14. Differences in R-groups give different proteins different ______________.
15. How does a dipeptide form?
16. What do you call the covalent bonds that hold amino acids together?
17. Long chains of amino acids are called ___________________ and these join together to make a ________________.
18, What is the effect of temperature on protein shape? Give an example of this.
19. Most proteins act as catalysts or __________________ inside of cells.
Lipids include fats that are used for long-term energy storage!
20. Are lipids polar or non-polar? What happens to lipids when they are placed in water?
21. Compared to carbohydrates, what is true about the ratio of carbon & hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms? If a compound has
more bonds, what can it store more of in those bonds?
22. Most lipids are made of ______________ acids. Describe their shape. What functional group is found on the head end of
the molecule?
23. Are both ends of a fatty acid polar? Explain.
24. Hydrophilic means water ___________. Which end of a fatty acid is hydrophilic? The non-polar end of a fatty acid is said
to be _______________ or "water fearing".
25. In what type of fatty acid are there only single bonds in the carbon chain? Name one such fatty acid.
26. What type of bond appears in an unsaturated fatty acid? Give an example of an unsaturated fatty acid.
27. Name the 3 groups of complex lipids.
28. What type of triglycerides tends to be solids at room temperature & why? Which are liquids & why?
29. What type of triglyceride would this type of substance be --- vegetable oil? butter & shortening?
30. What makes up a phospholipid? How are they different from triglycerides? What main part of a cell is made of
phospholipids?
31. What is meant by a lipid bilayer? What makes this such an effective barrier between the inside & the outside of the cell?
32. Waxes are highly _________________. Explain how plants make use of this property? Animals?
33. What makes up steroids? To what group of organic compounds do steroids belong? How are they used in animals?
Nucleic acids store genetic information for cells!
34. Give the name & abbreviation for 2 nucleic acids found in cells.
35. DNA and RNA are both examples of _____________ made of linked monomers called ________________. The
instructions in these molecules are used to make ____________.
36. Name the 3 parts to a nucleotide.