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Critical Thinking Questions:
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
H H H H H H H H H
I I I I I I I I I
C C C C C C C C C C H
I I I I I I I I I
O
H H H H H H H H H
I
H
O
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I
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_____________
C
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OH
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CH2
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H2N C COOH
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H
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_____________
B
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CH2OH
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C=O
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HO C H
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H C OH
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H C OH
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CH2OH
A
_____________
1. 
Identify each of the above structures as one of the following: fatty acid, amino acid, or carbohydrate. (Hints: a 1:2:1 ratio of C:H:O indicates
carbohydrate, and one of the above structures contains a type of element not present in the other two!)
2. 
The energy used to fuel most cars and people is stored in the energy-rich chemical bonds. a) Looking at the structures above, which do you think
would serve as the richest source of energy?_____________________________ b) Which one looks the most like the structure of gasoline?
_________________________
3. 
Read the two pieces below and determine: a) What is the preferred fuel source for the brain? ____________________ b) What are some potential
consequences of decreased availability of this fuel source in the body? _____________________________________ c) In addition to its role in
fueling activities within cells, what role(s) can carbohydrates play on the extracellular (outside) surface of cells?
________________________________________
http://www.fi.edu/learn/brain/carbs.html#brainenergy
CARBOHYDRATES
“Parking Lot” of terms:
starch
fiber
polysaccharides
energy storage
structural
chi4n
cellulose
C, H, O
made of simple
sugar building blocks
called
examples include
Fill in the concept map to address the following
question: What are the building blocks and main
functions of carbohydrates?
made up of 3 elements
2 hooked together
monosaccharides
cell surface markers
glycogen
liver, muscle
cereal grains, potatoes
disaccharides
quick energy
glucose,
fructose,
galactose
many hooked together
examples include
function:
providing
Functional
roles
lactose,
sucrose,
maltose
In plants
Food sources include
Dufresne, 2014
In animals
Stored in
In plant
cell walls
In crustacean/
insect exoskeletons
Provides humans
with critical (non-digestable) “stealth nutrient”
called
“Parking Lot” of terms:
energy storage
unsaturated
hydrogena4on
waterproofing
bile salts, vit. D, testosterone, estrogens
trans fats
hydrophobic
C, H, O
cholesterol
fats/oils
chronic disease
saturated
selec4vely-­‐ permeable
barrier
room temperature
waxes
phospholipids
Fill in the concept map to address the following
question: What are 4 common types of lipids
and what are their main properties/functions?
LIPIDS
structurally diverse
but all are
3 fatty acids
attached to
glycerol is called
functions include
4 common types include
made up of 3 elements
forms
bulk of:
function:
most
common
form in
animals:
many contain fatty acids, with
“tails” that can be either
regulates
fluidity of
serves as
triglyceride
padding/
cushioning of
body parts
sterols
plasma (cell)
membrane
liquid at
solid at
insulation
Linked to
increased
risk of
Dufresne, 2014
produces
often
modified
by
precursor of:
“Parking Lot” of terms:
send and receive signals
transport
bacteria and viruses
increase rate of chemical
reactions
form structures
amino acids
serve as
enzymes
C, H, O, N, (S)
protruding
abdomen,
increased
infection risk
form an4bodies
keratin,
collagen, actin,
myosin
Kwashiorkor
limited food
supply/
insufficient
caloric intake
oxygen,
carbon
dioxide
hormone insulin
and its receptor
regulate
blood sugar
stresses kidneys
increases
risk of
certain
cancers and
osteoporosis
whole grains,
vegetables,
legumes, meat,
fish, eggs
rare in US.
failure to grow
and gain weight
hemoglobin
Dufresne, 2014
PROTEINS
Create a concept map to address the following
question: What are the building blocks and main
functions of proteins?