Score A_c5_17022012
... (i) What is the reduced co-enzyme? _______ [1m] (ii) What is the reaction involved in the production of ATP when the reduced co-enzyme in e(i) enters the electron transport system? _________________ [1m] ...
... (i) What is the reduced co-enzyme? _______ [1m] (ii) What is the reaction involved in the production of ATP when the reduced co-enzyme in e(i) enters the electron transport system? _________________ [1m] ...
9.1 Catabolic Pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels
... 1. Glycolysis- begins degradation process in cytosol by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, which enters the mitochondria. Note: cell respiration includes only steps 2 &3. Glycolysis is not a part of cell respiration, but respiring cells derive energy from glucose using glycolysis to ...
... 1. Glycolysis- begins degradation process in cytosol by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, which enters the mitochondria. Note: cell respiration includes only steps 2 &3. Glycolysis is not a part of cell respiration, but respiring cells derive energy from glucose using glycolysis to ...
Addition of the following reactions responsible for the synthesis of
... a. phosphatidate, old: C1836H3398O400P50, new: C1682H3116O413P50 b. phosphatidylglycerol, old: C1986H3748O500P50, new: C1832H3466O513P50 c. phosphatidylserine, old: C1986H3698N50O500P50, new: C1832H3416N50O513P50 d. CDP-diacylglycerol, old: C2286H3998N150O750P100, new: C2132H3716N150O763P100 e. card ...
... a. phosphatidate, old: C1836H3398O400P50, new: C1682H3116O413P50 b. phosphatidylglycerol, old: C1986H3748O500P50, new: C1832H3466O513P50 c. phosphatidylserine, old: C1986H3698N50O500P50, new: C1832H3416N50O513P50 d. CDP-diacylglycerol, old: C2286H3998N150O750P100, new: C2132H3716N150O763P100 e. card ...
Carbon Compounds
... • Control rate of chemical reactions • Regulate cell processes • Structural components (muscle, bone) • Transport substances • Fight disease ...
... • Control rate of chemical reactions • Regulate cell processes • Structural components (muscle, bone) • Transport substances • Fight disease ...
Cell Metabolism - U of L Class Index
... The mitochondria of eukaryotes (including plants) use the organic products of photosynthesis as fuel for cellular respiration, which also consumes the oxygen produced by photosynthesis. Respiration harvests the energy stored in organic molecules to generate ATP, which powers most cellular work. The ...
... The mitochondria of eukaryotes (including plants) use the organic products of photosynthesis as fuel for cellular respiration, which also consumes the oxygen produced by photosynthesis. Respiration harvests the energy stored in organic molecules to generate ATP, which powers most cellular work. The ...
Final Exam (5/15/14)
... 4. Prostaglandins are a class of eicosanoids, fatty acid derivatives with a variety of extremely potent actions on vertebrate tissues. They are responsible for producing fever and inflammation and its associated pain. Prostaglandins are derived from the 20-carbon fatty acid arachidonic acid in a rea ...
... 4. Prostaglandins are a class of eicosanoids, fatty acid derivatives with a variety of extremely potent actions on vertebrate tissues. They are responsible for producing fever and inflammation and its associated pain. Prostaglandins are derived from the 20-carbon fatty acid arachidonic acid in a rea ...
Solutions to 7.014 Quiz I
... electrons from NADH are used to generate further energy. These electrons are donated to a series of membrane proteins, each more electronegative than the last. As the electrons are passed from protein to protein, H+ ions are pumped across the membrane to create an H+ gradient. H+ ions move through t ...
... electrons from NADH are used to generate further energy. These electrons are donated to a series of membrane proteins, each more electronegative than the last. As the electrons are passed from protein to protein, H+ ions are pumped across the membrane to create an H+ gradient. H+ ions move through t ...
Ch9Overview9-1KEY
... is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy is exergonic, releasing 686 kcal/mol of glucose decomposed is a redox reaction: glucose is oxidized, while oxygen is reduced transfers electrons to a lower energy state, liberating energy consists of many steps, each one catalyzed by an enzyme, so that the en ...
... is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy is exergonic, releasing 686 kcal/mol of glucose decomposed is a redox reaction: glucose is oxidized, while oxygen is reduced transfers electrons to a lower energy state, liberating energy consists of many steps, each one catalyzed by an enzyme, so that the en ...
metabolism - anatomymodelimages
... 1. Lipogenesis – reverse of lipolysis; glycerol and fatty acids; dehydration synthesis -a. Glycerol – from glyceraldehyde phosphate; glycolysis intermediate -b. Fatty acids – from acetyl coenzyme A 2. Structural materials – many are synthesized from -a. Cell membrane – phospholipids and cholesterol ...
... 1. Lipogenesis – reverse of lipolysis; glycerol and fatty acids; dehydration synthesis -a. Glycerol – from glyceraldehyde phosphate; glycolysis intermediate -b. Fatty acids – from acetyl coenzyme A 2. Structural materials – many are synthesized from -a. Cell membrane – phospholipids and cholesterol ...
3.-electron-transport-chain-ATP-synthesis
... This movement of H+ ions drives the enzyme to synthesise ATP from ...
... This movement of H+ ions drives the enzyme to synthesise ATP from ...
Human Physiology Quiz Questions: 1) Purines degrade into what
... 4) What is ‘de novo synthesis’ of nucleic acids and where does it take place? 5) What is the difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide? 6) What is the ‘salvage pathway’ for nucleic acids? 7) What is the primary enzyme that catalyzes glycogenesis? 8) What two membrane transporters absorb monos ...
... 4) What is ‘de novo synthesis’ of nucleic acids and where does it take place? 5) What is the difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide? 6) What is the ‘salvage pathway’ for nucleic acids? 7) What is the primary enzyme that catalyzes glycogenesis? 8) What two membrane transporters absorb monos ...
Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
... oxidation and cleavage of glucose ATP generation (with and without oxygen) all cells in the cytosol (the reducing equivalents are transferred to the electron-transport chain by the shuttle) ...
... oxidation and cleavage of glucose ATP generation (with and without oxygen) all cells in the cytosol (the reducing equivalents are transferred to the electron-transport chain by the shuttle) ...
Exercise 5
... construct a molecule of oxaloacetate (see page 553). Do not label these carbons. Perform the sequence of reactions in the citric acid cycle (reactions 1 through 8 on page 553). Do not worry about the electron carriers NAD+ and FAD; what you are doing is tracing the fate of the carbon atoms in the or ...
... construct a molecule of oxaloacetate (see page 553). Do not label these carbons. Perform the sequence of reactions in the citric acid cycle (reactions 1 through 8 on page 553). Do not worry about the electron carriers NAD+ and FAD; what you are doing is tracing the fate of the carbon atoms in the or ...
cellular respiration study guide
... 3. Why is being “reduced” equivalent to having a greater potential energy? ...
... 3. Why is being “reduced” equivalent to having a greater potential energy? ...
Chapter 17. Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea
... 5. PLP facilitates the transaminatin and other transformations of amino acids • Different aminotransferases (e.g., aspartate and alanine aminotransferases), each catalyzes the transfer of the amino group from an amino acid to a-ketoglutarate to form Glu and a a-keto acid. • Pyridoxal phosphate (P ...
... 5. PLP facilitates the transaminatin and other transformations of amino acids • Different aminotransferases (e.g., aspartate and alanine aminotransferases), each catalyzes the transfer of the amino group from an amino acid to a-ketoglutarate to form Glu and a a-keto acid. • Pyridoxal phosphate (P ...
how cells release chemical energy
... Arrange the steps of glycolysis, the first stage of aerobic respiration, in the correct chronological sequence. Write the letter of step 1 next to 1, the letter of step 2 next to 2, and so on. [pp.llO-lll] a. Each PGAL gives up two electrons and a hydrogen atom to NAD+, forming two NADH. b. Intermed ...
... Arrange the steps of glycolysis, the first stage of aerobic respiration, in the correct chronological sequence. Write the letter of step 1 next to 1, the letter of step 2 next to 2, and so on. [pp.llO-lll] a. Each PGAL gives up two electrons and a hydrogen atom to NAD+, forming two NADH. b. Intermed ...
biochemistry-micromolecules
... There are 20 different amino acids that combine in different ways to make millions of proteins The most diverse macromolecules ...
... There are 20 different amino acids that combine in different ways to make millions of proteins The most diverse macromolecules ...
QUIZ #1 - Introduction, Water, pH, buffers, Amino Acids, Proteins
... c. When the pH = pI, the amino acid is at its greatest buffering capacity d. When the pH = pI, the pK of each ionizable group is unchanged 14. Concerning buffers, which of the following is true? a. Strong acid and bases are good buffers b. Buffers cause dramatic pH changes c. The -NH2 / -NH3+ pair i ...
... c. When the pH = pI, the amino acid is at its greatest buffering capacity d. When the pH = pI, the pK of each ionizable group is unchanged 14. Concerning buffers, which of the following is true? a. Strong acid and bases are good buffers b. Buffers cause dramatic pH changes c. The -NH2 / -NH3+ pair i ...
Chapter 3—The Cell I. Cell Theory. a. Organisms are made of 1 or
... d. Golgi complex—enzymes found here modify newly formed lipids and proteins arriving from the rough ER. They are then sorted and sent out in vesicles. Fig. 3.16. i. Golgi complex is composed of a series of flattened membranous sacks. e. Lysosomes—digest intracellular materials. Form by budding from ...
... d. Golgi complex—enzymes found here modify newly formed lipids and proteins arriving from the rough ER. They are then sorted and sent out in vesicles. Fig. 3.16. i. Golgi complex is composed of a series of flattened membranous sacks. e. Lysosomes—digest intracellular materials. Form by budding from ...
Biochemistry 2000 Sample Questions 5 Transport, Carbohydrates, Metabolism
... (a) The Ca2+-ATPase pumps Ca2+ out of the cytosol as ATP is hydrolysed. (b) The (H+-K+)-ATPase of the gastric pumps protons out of the cell. Each proton is accompanied by the transport of a K+ into the cell. (c) Subsequently to the action of the describe (H+-K+)-ATPase, the K+ is again transported o ...
... (a) The Ca2+-ATPase pumps Ca2+ out of the cytosol as ATP is hydrolysed. (b) The (H+-K+)-ATPase of the gastric pumps protons out of the cell. Each proton is accompanied by the transport of a K+ into the cell. (c) Subsequently to the action of the describe (H+-K+)-ATPase, the K+ is again transported o ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.