AP Biology
... 2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. ...
... 2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. ...
Biochemistry 2000 Sample Questions 4 RNA, Lipids, Membranes 1
... (11) The phosphate added to glucose in step 1 of glycolysis is removed in step 10. As a result all intermediates in glycolysis, except glucose and pyruvate, will contain radioactive phosphate. (12) Standard free energy and equilibrium constants: a. Since ∆G°’ = -RT ln K, K = e (-∆G°’ / RT) , T = 298 ...
... (11) The phosphate added to glucose in step 1 of glycolysis is removed in step 10. As a result all intermediates in glycolysis, except glucose and pyruvate, will contain radioactive phosphate. (12) Standard free energy and equilibrium constants: a. Since ∆G°’ = -RT ln K, K = e (-∆G°’ / RT) , T = 298 ...
Bchm2000_P5 - U of L Class Index
... (11) The phosphate added to glucose in step 1 of glycolysis is removed in step 10. As a result all intermediates in glycolysis, except glucose and pyruvate, will contain radioactive phosphate. (12) Standard free energy and equilibrium constants: a. Since G°’ = -RT ln K, K = e (-G°’ / RT) , T = 298 ...
... (11) The phosphate added to glucose in step 1 of glycolysis is removed in step 10. As a result all intermediates in glycolysis, except glucose and pyruvate, will contain radioactive phosphate. (12) Standard free energy and equilibrium constants: a. Since G°’ = -RT ln K, K = e (-G°’ / RT) , T = 298 ...
Chapter 6, Section 3
... Enzymes act on specific substrates ◦ Substrate: substance that the enzyme breaks down Each substrate fits into the active site. (Like a lock & key) ...
... Enzymes act on specific substrates ◦ Substrate: substance that the enzyme breaks down Each substrate fits into the active site. (Like a lock & key) ...
Amino Acid Catabolism
... • Leucine is degraded to acetyl CoA and acetoacetate by a pathway whose first two seps are identical to those of valine degradation (Figure 18-11). The third step is the same as the first step of fatty acid oxidation. The fourth step involves an ATPdependent carboxylation, the fifth step is a hydrat ...
... • Leucine is degraded to acetyl CoA and acetoacetate by a pathway whose first two seps are identical to those of valine degradation (Figure 18-11). The third step is the same as the first step of fatty acid oxidation. The fourth step involves an ATPdependent carboxylation, the fifth step is a hydrat ...
biochem2
... the structure. These are clusters of atoms that behave in a particular manner regardless of how the rest of the molecule looks. ...
... the structure. These are clusters of atoms that behave in a particular manner regardless of how the rest of the molecule looks. ...
File
... d. yields how much ATP?_____________________________________________________ e. produces ATP through what process?________________________________________ f. yields how many NADH? ___________________________ g. Why is glycolysis thought to be one of the earliest of all biochemical processes to have ...
... d. yields how much ATP?_____________________________________________________ e. produces ATP through what process?________________________________________ f. yields how many NADH? ___________________________ g. Why is glycolysis thought to be one of the earliest of all biochemical processes to have ...
Organic Compounds
... the structure. These are clusters of atoms that behave in a particular manner regardless of how the rest of the molecule looks. ...
... the structure. These are clusters of atoms that behave in a particular manner regardless of how the rest of the molecule looks. ...
The Phosphorus Cycle 2_25
... • The amount of P in soil is small, so it limits plant growth, which is why humans use phosphate fertilizers on farmlands. ...
... • The amount of P in soil is small, so it limits plant growth, which is why humans use phosphate fertilizers on farmlands. ...
lecture2
... enolase and pyruvate decarboxylase can be classified into (1) Kinases which catalyse the transfer of a ‘PO’4 group from ATP to some acceptor molecule. ...
... enolase and pyruvate decarboxylase can be classified into (1) Kinases which catalyse the transfer of a ‘PO’4 group from ATP to some acceptor molecule. ...
Document
... Begins with glycolysis – 12 steps divides glucose into two pyruvates. Generates 2 ATPS. Usually followed by: -1- cellular respiration – in mitochondria. Produces an additional ~34 ATPs/ glucose. Requires oxygen = aerobic. a. Krebs Cycle: generates reduced coenzymes, which are used to extract energy ...
... Begins with glycolysis – 12 steps divides glucose into two pyruvates. Generates 2 ATPS. Usually followed by: -1- cellular respiration – in mitochondria. Produces an additional ~34 ATPs/ glucose. Requires oxygen = aerobic. a. Krebs Cycle: generates reduced coenzymes, which are used to extract energy ...
Pthways and metabolites of microbial cells
... electrons onto the electron transport chain. The transport of electrons causes protons to be pumped across the membrane. ATP is formed when the protons flow through ATP synthase. The majority of ATP made during cellular respiration is made using the electron transport chain. In prokaryotes, the oxid ...
... electrons onto the electron transport chain. The transport of electrons causes protons to be pumped across the membrane. ATP is formed when the protons flow through ATP synthase. The majority of ATP made during cellular respiration is made using the electron transport chain. In prokaryotes, the oxid ...
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY ADVANCED PLACEMENT TEST (SAMPLE)
... C. to catalyze the phosphorolysis of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen molecules. D. to inhibit the production of glucose-1-phosphate. E. to break down ATP. ...
... C. to catalyze the phosphorolysis of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen molecules. D. to inhibit the production of glucose-1-phosphate. E. to break down ATP. ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Ch. 6 Cellular Respiration
... glycogen, in our liver & muscle cells. How is glycogen used between meals? Glycogen is hydrolyzed to glucose to serve as fuel between meals. ...
... glycogen, in our liver & muscle cells. How is glycogen used between meals? Glycogen is hydrolyzed to glucose to serve as fuel between meals. ...
Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis notes
... 6. NADPH- the electrons pass through a short electron transport chain. At the end of the chain, the electrons combine with NADP+ and H+ to form NADPH. NADPH is a coenzyme. Since the electrons have a considerable amount of energy left, NADPH is an energy-rich molecule. 7. Photolysis- the electrons th ...
... 6. NADPH- the electrons pass through a short electron transport chain. At the end of the chain, the electrons combine with NADP+ and H+ to form NADPH. NADPH is a coenzyme. Since the electrons have a considerable amount of energy left, NADPH is an energy-rich molecule. 7. Photolysis- the electrons th ...
Cell Respiration powerpoint slides
... carbon forms CO2, and removed electrons change NAD+ to NADH. Coenzyme A joins the 2-carbon molecule to form acetyl-CoA. This acetyl-CoAthen adds the 2-carbon acetyl group to a 4-carbon compound, thus forming citric acid. As the citric acid proceeds through the cycle, it is first broken down into a 5 ...
... carbon forms CO2, and removed electrons change NAD+ to NADH. Coenzyme A joins the 2-carbon molecule to form acetyl-CoA. This acetyl-CoAthen adds the 2-carbon acetyl group to a 4-carbon compound, thus forming citric acid. As the citric acid proceeds through the cycle, it is first broken down into a 5 ...
lecture 02b
... which needs to be “cashed in” to make ATP. – In order for glycolysis and Krebs Cycle to continue, NAD that gets reduced to NADH must get re-oxidized to NAD. – What is the greediest electron hog we know? Molecular oxygen. – In Electron transport, electrons are passed to oxygen so that these metabolic ...
... which needs to be “cashed in” to make ATP. – In order for glycolysis and Krebs Cycle to continue, NAD that gets reduced to NADH must get re-oxidized to NAD. – What is the greediest electron hog we know? Molecular oxygen. – In Electron transport, electrons are passed to oxygen so that these metabolic ...
3-3 Cycles of matter - Sonoma Valley High School
... • CO2 moves from the air into plants • CO2 returns to the air with respiration, decomposition, and burning fuels ...
... • CO2 moves from the air into plants • CO2 returns to the air with respiration, decomposition, and burning fuels ...
Cellular Respiration Review
... Organisms obtain energy in a process called (a) cellular respiration. This process harvests electrons from carbon compounds, such as (b)glucose, and uses that energy to make (c)ATP. ATP is used to provide (d)energy for cells to do work. In (e)_glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate. Glycol ...
... Organisms obtain energy in a process called (a) cellular respiration. This process harvests electrons from carbon compounds, such as (b)glucose, and uses that energy to make (c)ATP. ATP is used to provide (d)energy for cells to do work. In (e)_glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate. Glycol ...
Honors Biology Unit 1 Objectives: The Chemistry of Life
... concentration gradients and how kinetic molecular theory explains the motion of the particles described. 4. Given necessary information regarding the concentration of substances (water, gasses, particles, etc.), predict the direction of diffusion (some particles may not be able to diffuse… why?). If ...
... concentration gradients and how kinetic molecular theory explains the motion of the particles described. 4. Given necessary information regarding the concentration of substances (water, gasses, particles, etc.), predict the direction of diffusion (some particles may not be able to diffuse… why?). If ...
called “organic molecules”
... •Monosaccharide – simple sugars with 1 sugar unit : glucose(main fuel supply for cells), fructose •Disaccharide – “double sugar”: sucrose •Polysaccharide – long polymer chains,complex carbohydrates : starch •Glycogen – animal cells, stored in liver •Cellulose – plant cell walls ...
... •Monosaccharide – simple sugars with 1 sugar unit : glucose(main fuel supply for cells), fructose •Disaccharide – “double sugar”: sucrose •Polysaccharide – long polymer chains,complex carbohydrates : starch •Glycogen – animal cells, stored in liver •Cellulose – plant cell walls ...
Document
... are chemically altered and then used in the Krebs cycle • Fats are broken up and fed into glycolysis and the Krebs cycle Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... are chemically altered and then used in the Krebs cycle • Fats are broken up and fed into glycolysis and the Krebs cycle Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
problem set 5b assigned
... Activity Center: Choose molecular geometry Do Day 1: 1-5; Answer all questions and sketch all snapshots OR print out report ...
... Activity Center: Choose molecular geometry Do Day 1: 1-5; Answer all questions and sketch all snapshots OR print out report ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.