Combining transition metal catalysis and organocatalysis
... enamine - bifunctional catalyst Proline has been playing a major role in enamine-based catalysis. In this view, proline can be regarded as a Lewis base/Brønsted acid "bifunctional catalyst". "replace" the Brønsted acid with a metal Lewis acid a novel class of metal Lewis acid-enamine bifunctional ca ...
... enamine - bifunctional catalyst Proline has been playing a major role in enamine-based catalysis. In this view, proline can be regarded as a Lewis base/Brønsted acid "bifunctional catalyst". "replace" the Brønsted acid with a metal Lewis acid a novel class of metal Lewis acid-enamine bifunctional ca ...
Organic Chem Functional Groups
... Amines Amines contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are derivatives of ammonia, where in one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl group. Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline Primary amine Secondary ...
... Amines Amines contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are derivatives of ammonia, where in one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl group. Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline Primary amine Secondary ...
MS PowerPoint
... Epoxidation of propene Carbonylation Hydrogenation Lighter olefins Asymmetric hydrogenation to L-Dopa Ring opening polymerization ...
... Epoxidation of propene Carbonylation Hydrogenation Lighter olefins Asymmetric hydrogenation to L-Dopa Ring opening polymerization ...
Organometallics
... completed octet and acts as a neutral molecule. When it bonds to the metal center it does so through its lone pair (in a classic Lewis acid-base sense) and there is no need to change the oxidation state of the metal to balance charge. We call ammonia a neutral two-electron donor. In contrast, if we ...
... completed octet and acts as a neutral molecule. When it bonds to the metal center it does so through its lone pair (in a classic Lewis acid-base sense) and there is no need to change the oxidation state of the metal to balance charge. We call ammonia a neutral two-electron donor. In contrast, if we ...
Conclusions
... The use of rhodium-diphosphite based systems in the hydroformylation of trans-anethole 1a and estragole 2a has not been previously reported. In this study, rhodium-diphosphite system 6 was used in the hydroformylation of trans-anethole 1a and led to high selectivities on aldehyde 3a (as high as 86%) ...
... The use of rhodium-diphosphite based systems in the hydroformylation of trans-anethole 1a and estragole 2a has not been previously reported. In this study, rhodium-diphosphite system 6 was used in the hydroformylation of trans-anethole 1a and led to high selectivities on aldehyde 3a (as high as 86%) ...
Networking reactions for organic synthesis of the future
... Engineering (ISIS), University of Strasbourg, seeks to hire outstanding researchers at the Ph.D. and post-doctoral level. The main research thrust of this newly established laboratory is the development of a new approach to organic synthesis based on networking multiple reactions within one vessel. ...
... Engineering (ISIS), University of Strasbourg, seeks to hire outstanding researchers at the Ph.D. and post-doctoral level. The main research thrust of this newly established laboratory is the development of a new approach to organic synthesis based on networking multiple reactions within one vessel. ...
Properties of , -Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones
... 18-11 Conjugate Additions of Enolate Ions: Michael Addition and Robinson Annulation Enolate ions undergo conjugate additions to ,-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones in a reaction called the Michael addition. ...
... 18-11 Conjugate Additions of Enolate Ions: Michael Addition and Robinson Annulation Enolate ions undergo conjugate additions to ,-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones in a reaction called the Michael addition. ...
Dehydration notes-1
... 1. Put 10 mL 2-methylcyclohexanol and 2 mL of 85% phosphoric acid in a 25 mL round bottom flask (as the stillpot) with boiling stones. 2. Setup a simple distillation: attach the stillhead, thermometer, condenser, adapter, and use a graduated cylinder as the receiver. 3. Heat slowly to 96 oC and main ...
... 1. Put 10 mL 2-methylcyclohexanol and 2 mL of 85% phosphoric acid in a 25 mL round bottom flask (as the stillpot) with boiling stones. 2. Setup a simple distillation: attach the stillhead, thermometer, condenser, adapter, and use a graduated cylinder as the receiver. 3. Heat slowly to 96 oC and main ...
Answer Key for Final Exam
... Acidic hydroxyl proton will inactivate the Grignard reagent to form a hydrocarbon and the alkoxide salt. Treatment with acid then regenerates the starting material. No actual Grignard addition occurs. ...
... Acidic hydroxyl proton will inactivate the Grignard reagent to form a hydrocarbon and the alkoxide salt. Treatment with acid then regenerates the starting material. No actual Grignard addition occurs. ...
Test 12
... Halides Alcohols Mono, di, tri-hydroxy alcohols Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Alcohols Identify glycerol and ethylene glycol Organic Acids – (electrolyte!) Esters Aldehydes Ketones Ethers Amines and Amides Identify an Amino Acid (has amine group and acid group) Organic Reactions Substitution: with ...
... Halides Alcohols Mono, di, tri-hydroxy alcohols Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Alcohols Identify glycerol and ethylene glycol Organic Acids – (electrolyte!) Esters Aldehydes Ketones Ethers Amines and Amides Identify an Amino Acid (has amine group and acid group) Organic Reactions Substitution: with ...
Chemistry 3719L – Week 9 Reduction of Benzil with Sodium
... • Filter the solid, dry for 15 minutes then weigh the product and obtain the melting point. • If possible you should obtain an IR spectrum of your product to compare with that of the benzil starting material. This information will be used in your report to prove that the functional group conversion ...
... • Filter the solid, dry for 15 minutes then weigh the product and obtain the melting point. • If possible you should obtain an IR spectrum of your product to compare with that of the benzil starting material. This information will be used in your report to prove that the functional group conversion ...
Unit Two : Carbon Compounds
... The test for oxygen is it relights a glowing splint. The main components of air are oxygen and nitrogen in proportion of 1:4. An exothermic reaction is one in which energy has been released (given out). This feels hot to the touch. Finite energy resources will run out. This means there will be a fue ...
... The test for oxygen is it relights a glowing splint. The main components of air are oxygen and nitrogen in proportion of 1:4. An exothermic reaction is one in which energy has been released (given out). This feels hot to the touch. Finite energy resources will run out. This means there will be a fue ...
Aldehydes and Ketones
... Reactivity of Aldehydes and Ketones. These carbonyl compounds generally have two reaction pathways – they react with strong nucleophiles (generally, strong nucleophiles have a formal negative charge) under neutral, generally anhydrous conditions, or with weak nucleophiles (those with lone pairs, but ...
... Reactivity of Aldehydes and Ketones. These carbonyl compounds generally have two reaction pathways – they react with strong nucleophiles (generally, strong nucleophiles have a formal negative charge) under neutral, generally anhydrous conditions, or with weak nucleophiles (those with lone pairs, but ...
CH2=CH2
... Each of the carbon-hydrogen bonds is formed by overlap of on sp2 hybrid on carbon with the 1s orbital of a hydrogen atom. The C-H bond length in ethylene (1.08 A0) is slightly shorter than the C-H bond in ethane (1.09 A0) ,because the sp2 orbital in ethylene has more s character (one-third s) than a ...
... Each of the carbon-hydrogen bonds is formed by overlap of on sp2 hybrid on carbon with the 1s orbital of a hydrogen atom. The C-H bond length in ethylene (1.08 A0) is slightly shorter than the C-H bond in ethane (1.09 A0) ,because the sp2 orbital in ethylene has more s character (one-third s) than a ...
Document
... Aldehyde groups, where the C=O group is at the end of an organic molecule. A hydrogen atom is also located on the same carbon atom. Keto groups, where the C=O group is located within an organic molecule. All sugars have either a keto or an aldehyde group. An aldehyde and a ketone may be structural i ...
... Aldehyde groups, where the C=O group is at the end of an organic molecule. A hydrogen atom is also located on the same carbon atom. Keto groups, where the C=O group is located within an organic molecule. All sugars have either a keto or an aldehyde group. An aldehyde and a ketone may be structural i ...
Addition of Alcohols to Form Hemiacetals and Acetals
... Amines and aldehydes or ketones react to form hemiaminals, the nitrogen analogs of hemiacetals. The hemiaminals of primary amines then lose water to form an imine (previously, Schiff base). This is the nitrogen analog of the carbonyl group. ...
... Amines and aldehydes or ketones react to form hemiaminals, the nitrogen analogs of hemiacetals. The hemiaminals of primary amines then lose water to form an imine (previously, Schiff base). This is the nitrogen analog of the carbonyl group. ...
Section 3 c: alkenes 3.6 recall that alkenes have the general formula
... During the reaction between an alkene and bromine (bromine water) the bromine loses its red-brown colour rapidly and a colourless solution is produced. This is the case because bromomethane is a colourless compound. This reaction is used to test for unsaturated compounds. If bromine water changes ra ...
... During the reaction between an alkene and bromine (bromine water) the bromine loses its red-brown colour rapidly and a colourless solution is produced. This is the case because bromomethane is a colourless compound. This reaction is used to test for unsaturated compounds. If bromine water changes ra ...
Hydroformylation
Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.