Download Test 12

REGENTS & HONORS CHEMISTRY
TEST #12
Key Terms and Important Stuff to Know
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Organic molecules must contain carbon and hydrogen
Covalently bonded molecules
Properties of organic compounds
Most non-polar
Most not soluble in water (if non-polar)
Low M.P./B.P. due to weak intermolecular bonds
Non-electrolytes (except organic acids)
Will undergo combustion with oxygen
Will decompose at relatively low temps
Rate of Reaction is slow
Molecular Formulas
Structural Formulas
Condensed Structural Formulas (without lines)
Prefixes (meth, eth, prop, etc…)
Homologous Series of Hydrocarbons (Table Q)
Naming and drawing:
Alkanes: all single bonded carbons
Alkenes: one double bond between carbons
Alkynes: one triple bond between carbons
Saturated vs. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Branched Chain Hydrocarbons (Alkyl Groups)
Isomers:
Same molecular formula, different structure
Draw and identify different isomers
Honors Textbook: Chapter 24
Regents Textbook: Chapter 25, 26
Functional Groups (identify, name and draw)
Halides
Alcohols
Mono, di, tri-hydroxy alcohols
Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Alcohols
Identify glycerol and ethylene glycol
Organic Acids – (electrolyte!)
Esters
Aldehydes
Ketones
Ethers
Amines and Amides
Identify an Amino Acid (has amine group and acid group)
Organic Reactions
Substitution: with alkanes, one atom substitutes for
another, often happens with halogens
Addition: with alkenes/alkynes, two atoms add on as a
double or triple bond is broken
Esterification: alcohol + organic acid = ester + water
Fermentation: sugars broken down by yeast into
ethanol & CO2
Combustion: hydrocarbon reacts with O2 to form
CO2 & H2O
Polymerization: larger molecule made of repeating
monomer units
Know examples of natural and man-made polymers
Condensation Polymer. vs. Addition Polymer.
Cracking: breaks large molecules into smaller chains
Saponification: produces soap and glycerol from
combining a fat and a base
Fractional Distillation: used to separate components of
petroleum by B.P