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Learning Objectives
Chapter 12 – Saturated Hydrocarbons
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What is the difference between organic compounds and inorganic compounds?
Why are there so many more organic compounds than inorganic compounds?
You should be able to recognize and describe the different properties of organic
compounds.
Which elements are typically found in organic compounds?
What is the difference between a hydrocarbon and a hydrocarbon derivative?
How many bonds does carbon form?
You should be able to add the appropriate number of hydrogen atoms to a carbon chain
(to complete the octet).
You should be able to describe the molecular geometry around the carbon atoms in
organic compounds.
What do the wedges represent in structural formulas? The dashed lines?
What is the difference between chemical formulas, expanded structural formulas,
condensed structural formulas, and line drawings? You should be able to easily convert
between these different representations of organic compounds.
What is the difference between saturated compounds and unsaturated compounds? You
should be able to look at a structural, condensed, or line drawing and determine if the
structure is saturated or unsaturated.
What are the main characteristics of alkanes?
What is the relationship between the number of carbons and the number of hydrogens in
alkanes?
What are isomers? Structural isomers? Conformations? You should be able to look at
two structural formulas and determine if the formulas represent conformations of the
same molecule, structural isomers, or completely different molecules. You should also
be able to draw an isomer of a given alkane.
What characteristic of alkanes results in the existence of different conformers?
What are primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carbons? You should be able to
identify these carbons in a structural formula.
You should be able to name any alkane. NOTE: This will require lots of practice.
Check out the recommended practice problems and the practice problems on the alternate
text websites.
What are the characteristics of cycloalkanes?
What is the relationship between the number of carbon atoms and the number of
hydrogen atoms in a cycloalkane?
You should be able to name cycloalkanes.
What are cis-trans isomers? You should be able to recognize if a cycloalkane has cistrans isomers. You should also be able to name cis-trans isomers.
What kinds of chemical reactions do alkanes undergo? You should be able to recognize
these reactions and predict the products of any of these reactions. You should also be
able to balance combustion reactions.
You should be able to name haloalkanes.