AP Bio A final exam study guide
... Describe the several methods by which materials cross the plasma membrane (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis) ...
... Describe the several methods by which materials cross the plasma membrane (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis) ...
Why does a drop of food coloring diffuse more rapidly in
... for glucose - galactose has a different shape and can't enter the transporter glucose is larger than galactose, so the receptor proteins bind glucose more effectively glucose is altered chemically by enzymes so that it can cross the membrane glucose gets through but galactose is blocked by osmosis ...
... for glucose - galactose has a different shape and can't enter the transporter glucose is larger than galactose, so the receptor proteins bind glucose more effectively glucose is altered chemically by enzymes so that it can cross the membrane glucose gets through but galactose is blocked by osmosis ...
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and other Energy
... to break down NADH and FADH2 give up their electrons to transfer enzyme systems embedded in the membrane, o pumping H+ into the outer compartment of the mitochondria Where: the mitochondria membranes In this reaction, the ETC creates a H+ ion gradient which is used to produce ATP, (quite like in the ...
... to break down NADH and FADH2 give up their electrons to transfer enzyme systems embedded in the membrane, o pumping H+ into the outer compartment of the mitochondria Where: the mitochondria membranes In this reaction, the ETC creates a H+ ion gradient which is used to produce ATP, (quite like in the ...
File - Kirkwall Grammar School
... Complete the table on substrates used for Respiration and their fates ...
... Complete the table on substrates used for Respiration and their fates ...
2 ATP - Loyola Blakefield
... protons from the Kreb’s cycle move to this chain-like a series of steps (staircase). As electrons drop down stairs, energy released to form a total of 32 ATP Oxygen waits at bottom of staircase, picks up electrons and protons and in doing so becomes water ...
... protons from the Kreb’s cycle move to this chain-like a series of steps (staircase). As electrons drop down stairs, energy released to form a total of 32 ATP Oxygen waits at bottom of staircase, picks up electrons and protons and in doing so becomes water ...
A planarian has a mutation that affects mitochondria. The planarian
... A planarian has a mutation that affects mitochondria. The planarian moves slower and has a slower rate of growth and reproduction than a normal planarian. A mitochondrion from a normal planarian (planarian X) and a mitochondrion from the planarian with the mutation (planarian Y) are shown below. ...
... A planarian has a mutation that affects mitochondria. The planarian moves slower and has a slower rate of growth and reproduction than a normal planarian. A mitochondrion from a normal planarian (planarian X) and a mitochondrion from the planarian with the mutation (planarian Y) are shown below. ...
CHAPTER 7 – COENZYMES AND VITAMINS CHAPTER SUMMARY
... depend on _______________. It is involved in __________-group transfer reactions in which the __________ group covalently binds the acyl groups to form _______________. A good example is _______________, an energy-rich compound that is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids, and am ...
... depend on _______________. It is involved in __________-group transfer reactions in which the __________ group covalently binds the acyl groups to form _______________. A good example is _______________, an energy-rich compound that is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids, and am ...
Chapter 9 Lecture Notes
... • It begins catabolism by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. 2. The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. ...
... • It begins catabolism by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. 2. The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. ...
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CHLOROPLAST Ndh
... Alternatively, an oxidase could oxidise H2PQ to PQ with O2. By acting in a concerted way, the reactions cited above ensure that the intermediaries of the photosynthetic cyclic electron transport are not highly oxidised or reduced, therefore allowing high rates of electron transport, appropriate memb ...
... Alternatively, an oxidase could oxidise H2PQ to PQ with O2. By acting in a concerted way, the reactions cited above ensure that the intermediaries of the photosynthetic cyclic electron transport are not highly oxidised or reduced, therefore allowing high rates of electron transport, appropriate memb ...
GLYCOLYSIS
... Energy tab so far: 1 Glucose: • Glycolysis net: 2 ATP • Krebs Cycle: 2 ATP • Chemiosmosis: (Electron transport chains): 32-34 ATP ----------------Grand Total 34-36 ATP ...
... Energy tab so far: 1 Glucose: • Glycolysis net: 2 ATP • Krebs Cycle: 2 ATP • Chemiosmosis: (Electron transport chains): 32-34 ATP ----------------Grand Total 34-36 ATP ...
Respiration
... The above transference of hydrogen and electron is a series of redox reaction in a stepwise and controlled manner. Energy is released step by step. The energy release is coupled with phosphorylation of ADP into ATP. Therefore the whole process is called Oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... The above transference of hydrogen and electron is a series of redox reaction in a stepwise and controlled manner. Energy is released step by step. The energy release is coupled with phosphorylation of ADP into ATP. Therefore the whole process is called Oxidative phosphorylation. ...
Aerobic Metabolism: The Citric Acid Cycle
... reactions of central importance in all living cells that utilize oxygen as part of cellular respiration. ...
... reactions of central importance in all living cells that utilize oxygen as part of cellular respiration. ...
vocabulary for Cell Energetics
... Light- Independent Reaction/Calvin Cycle: The 2nd part of photosynthesis where a plant brings in carbon dioxide and uses it to form glucose using NADPH and ATP as a source of energy. Electron Transport: The process where electrons flow along a membrane and provide energy to pump hydrogens across the ...
... Light- Independent Reaction/Calvin Cycle: The 2nd part of photosynthesis where a plant brings in carbon dioxide and uses it to form glucose using NADPH and ATP as a source of energy. Electron Transport: The process where electrons flow along a membrane and provide energy to pump hydrogens across the ...
Cell Respiration Practice Packet
... Define the words in the boxes. On the line across each arrow, write a phrase that describes how the words in the boxes are related to one another. ...
... Define the words in the boxes. On the line across each arrow, write a phrase that describes how the words in the boxes are related to one another. ...
Biology
... components: light, water, oxygen, chloroplast, ATP, NADPH, NADP+, ADP, P, carbon dioxide, Calvin cycle, sugar (in the form of glucose). ...
... components: light, water, oxygen, chloroplast, ATP, NADPH, NADP+, ADP, P, carbon dioxide, Calvin cycle, sugar (in the form of glucose). ...
Krebs cycle
... acid is the archetypal example of a competitive inhibitor: it acts against succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in the respiratory electron transport chain. ...
... acid is the archetypal example of a competitive inhibitor: it acts against succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in the respiratory electron transport chain. ...
Topics To Know For Chapters 8-10
... 24. Know the events of chemiosmosis discussed in class and where does it take place. - thylakoid membrane - ATP synthase - thylakoid space - electron flow - pH 4 - photosystems I & II - H+ concentration 25. Know what makes the Calvin cycle work or operate. Describe the events taking place in the Ca ...
... 24. Know the events of chemiosmosis discussed in class and where does it take place. - thylakoid membrane - ATP synthase - thylakoid space - electron flow - pH 4 - photosystems I & II - H+ concentration 25. Know what makes the Calvin cycle work or operate. Describe the events taking place in the Ca ...
the calvin cycle
... linked such that the product of one reaction is consumed in the next reaction. 2. Chloroplasts have an inner membrane system consisting of thylakoids. The pumping of protons into the thylakoids builds up a proton concentration gradient across the thylakoid membrane. 3. The energy-carrying products a ...
... linked such that the product of one reaction is consumed in the next reaction. 2. Chloroplasts have an inner membrane system consisting of thylakoids. The pumping of protons into the thylakoids builds up a proton concentration gradient across the thylakoid membrane. 3. The energy-carrying products a ...
Biology II Chapter 5 The Working Cell Notes Outline MEMBRANE
... – ___________________________—beating of cilia 11. ATP shuttles chemical energy and drives cellular work a. ATP is the immediate source of ________________ that powers most forms of cellular work. b. It is composed of ____________________ (a nitrogenous base), ____________________ (a five-carbon sug ...
... – ___________________________—beating of cilia 11. ATP shuttles chemical energy and drives cellular work a. ATP is the immediate source of ________________ that powers most forms of cellular work. b. It is composed of ____________________ (a nitrogenous base), ____________________ (a five-carbon sug ...
Unit 2: Metabolic Processes Metabolism and Energy
... - Triglycerides break down into glycerol and fatty acids - Glycerol glucose glycolysis - Glycerol DHAP (dihydroxyacetone phosphate) G3P glycolysis - Fatty Acids β-oxidation acetyl-CoA Krebs - Fats provide 38 kJ/g while carbohydrates provide 16 kJ/g ...
... - Triglycerides break down into glycerol and fatty acids - Glycerol glucose glycolysis - Glycerol DHAP (dihydroxyacetone phosphate) G3P glycolysis - Fatty Acids β-oxidation acetyl-CoA Krebs - Fats provide 38 kJ/g while carbohydrates provide 16 kJ/g ...
energy2
... Usable energy is released as reactions break down carbon compounds, such as glucose. ...
... Usable energy is released as reactions break down carbon compounds, such as glucose. ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.