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Chapter 9—Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... membrane is permeable to protons. The H+ gradient that results is called a proton-motive force to emphasize that the gradient represents potential energy Proton motive forcepotential energy stored in the proton gradient created across biological membranes that are involved in chemiosmosis This ...
... membrane is permeable to protons. The H+ gradient that results is called a proton-motive force to emphasize that the gradient represents potential energy Proton motive forcepotential energy stored in the proton gradient created across biological membranes that are involved in chemiosmosis This ...
Cellular Respiration
... gradient as there is a much greater concentration of H+ ions in the intermembrane space The only way H+ ions can diffuse into the matrix is through ATP synthase ...
... gradient as there is a much greater concentration of H+ ions in the intermembrane space The only way H+ ions can diffuse into the matrix is through ATP synthase ...
12.3 The Citric Acid Cycle Oxidizes AcetylCoA
... • Complex of several polypeptides, a covalently bound FAD prosthetic group and 3 iron-sulfur clusters • Electrons are transferred from succinate to ubiquinone (Q), a lipid-soluble mobile carrier of reducing power • FADH2 generated is reoxidized by Q • QH2 is released as a mobile product ...
... • Complex of several polypeptides, a covalently bound FAD prosthetic group and 3 iron-sulfur clusters • Electrons are transferred from succinate to ubiquinone (Q), a lipid-soluble mobile carrier of reducing power • FADH2 generated is reoxidized by Q • QH2 is released as a mobile product ...
Name: Student Number
... 1. Answer ALL questions in the space provided. 2. The back side of each page may be used for your answer or for preliminary work. 3. Questions to invigilators about the exam will NOT be answered. _______________________________________________________________________________________ Marks 15 1. (a) ...
... 1. Answer ALL questions in the space provided. 2. The back side of each page may be used for your answer or for preliminary work. 3. Questions to invigilators about the exam will NOT be answered. _______________________________________________________________________________________ Marks 15 1. (a) ...
INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY BI 28 Second Midterm
... 15. [2] Plants that use the C4 mechanism to acquire CO2, compared to plants that do not use this mechanism (C3 plants), need an additional amount of energy equivalent to that derived from hydrolysis of _2__ molecules of ATP to ADP, and an additional amount of reducing equivalents equivalent to the a ...
... 15. [2] Plants that use the C4 mechanism to acquire CO2, compared to plants that do not use this mechanism (C3 plants), need an additional amount of energy equivalent to that derived from hydrolysis of _2__ molecules of ATP to ADP, and an additional amount of reducing equivalents equivalent to the a ...
III. Cells and Energy
... – NADP captures hydrogen and becomes NADPH – Oxygen is given off as waste ...
... – NADP captures hydrogen and becomes NADPH – Oxygen is given off as waste ...
doc Midterm 2001. Bio 201
... c) in E. coli, complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose yields 32 ATP d) for each molecule of glucose, conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA yields 2 NADH e) less energy is captured from oxidation of glucose carbons in glycolysis than from the beta oxidation of fatty acid carbons 22. How many c ...
... c) in E. coli, complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose yields 32 ATP d) for each molecule of glucose, conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA yields 2 NADH e) less energy is captured from oxidation of glucose carbons in glycolysis than from the beta oxidation of fatty acid carbons 22. How many c ...
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria
... Color and label the outer membrane pink and the cristae red on figure 3. This greatly increases the surface area of the membrane so that carbohydrates (simple sugars) can combine with oxygen to produce ATP, adenosine triphosphate (the energy molecule of the cell). The electron transport chain takes ...
... Color and label the outer membrane pink and the cristae red on figure 3. This greatly increases the surface area of the membrane so that carbohydrates (simple sugars) can combine with oxygen to produce ATP, adenosine triphosphate (the energy molecule of the cell). The electron transport chain takes ...
KATABOLISME KARBOHIDRAT
... protein complexes and two mobile carriers. The mobile carriers transport electrons between the complexes, which also contain electron carriers. The carriers use the energy released by electrons as they move down the carriers to pump H+ from the matrix into the intermembrane space of the mitochondrio ...
... protein complexes and two mobile carriers. The mobile carriers transport electrons between the complexes, which also contain electron carriers. The carriers use the energy released by electrons as they move down the carriers to pump H+ from the matrix into the intermembrane space of the mitochondrio ...
Control of intra-cellular (enzyme regulator)
... Fatty acid biosynthesis occurs in the cytosol, whereas fatty acid oxidation takes place within mitochondria Segregation of certain metabolic pathways within specialized cell types can provide further physical compartmentation. ...
... Fatty acid biosynthesis occurs in the cytosol, whereas fatty acid oxidation takes place within mitochondria Segregation of certain metabolic pathways within specialized cell types can provide further physical compartmentation. ...
Introduction to Metabolism - Louisiana Tech University
... 1. What is a polysaccharide? A disaccharide? A monosaccharide? Give some examples of monosaccharides. Which monosaccharide does the body use for energy production? 2. How is carbohydrate stored in the body? 3. What is a polypeptide? A dipeptide? An amino acid? What distinguishes an amino acid from ...
... 1. What is a polysaccharide? A disaccharide? A monosaccharide? Give some examples of monosaccharides. Which monosaccharide does the body use for energy production? 2. How is carbohydrate stored in the body? 3. What is a polypeptide? A dipeptide? An amino acid? What distinguishes an amino acid from ...
101 -- 2006
... a) They combine molecules into more complex and energy rich molecules. b) They are usually coupled with anabolic pathways to which they supply energy in the form of ATP. c) They involve endergonic reactions that break complex molecules into simpler ones. d) They are spontaneous and do not need enzym ...
... a) They combine molecules into more complex and energy rich molecules. b) They are usually coupled with anabolic pathways to which they supply energy in the form of ATP. c) They involve endergonic reactions that break complex molecules into simpler ones. d) They are spontaneous and do not need enzym ...
File - Mr. Shanks` Class
... Grade 12 Biology Unit 2: Metabolic Processes Quiz: Glycolysis 9. What two molecules create Acetyl CoA? a) Pyruvate + Coenzyme A b) H20 + Coenzyme A c) Pyruvate + H20 d) Coenzyme A + 0xygen ...
... Grade 12 Biology Unit 2: Metabolic Processes Quiz: Glycolysis 9. What two molecules create Acetyl CoA? a) Pyruvate + Coenzyme A b) H20 + Coenzyme A c) Pyruvate + H20 d) Coenzyme A + 0xygen ...
Title - Iowa State University
... a. Pyruvate is processed to release one molecule of carbon dioxide, and the remaining carbons are used to form acetyl CoA. b. One molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvate, ATP is produced from ADP, and NAD+ is reduced to form NADH. c. Acetyl CoA is oxidized to two molecules of ca ...
... a. Pyruvate is processed to release one molecule of carbon dioxide, and the remaining carbons are used to form acetyl CoA. b. One molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvate, ATP is produced from ADP, and NAD+ is reduced to form NADH. c. Acetyl CoA is oxidized to two molecules of ca ...
Honors Bio – Key concepts for final
... Review basics of chemistry including terms like: o Atoms o Elements o Compounds o Ionic bonds o Covalent bonds o Metals o Nonmetals o Subatomic particles and their location o Atomic mass o Atomic number o Isotopes How is potential energy related to electron levels? o Electrons occupy energy leve ...
... Review basics of chemistry including terms like: o Atoms o Elements o Compounds o Ionic bonds o Covalent bonds o Metals o Nonmetals o Subatomic particles and their location o Atomic mass o Atomic number o Isotopes How is potential energy related to electron levels? o Electrons occupy energy leve ...
Chapter 9 outline
... – Is the enzyme that actually makes ATP At certain steps along the electron transport chain – Electron transfer causes protein complexes to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space The resulting H+ gradient – Stores energy – Drives chemiosmosis in ATP synthase – Is referred t ...
... – Is the enzyme that actually makes ATP At certain steps along the electron transport chain – Electron transfer causes protein complexes to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space The resulting H+ gradient – Stores energy – Drives chemiosmosis in ATP synthase – Is referred t ...
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
... "Falling" Electrons as an Energy Source Food represents a source of high energy electrons similar to the potential energy of being on top of a slide. When the electrons pass from the high potential state of food to oxygen, released energy is converted to other forms of energy. ...
... "Falling" Electrons as an Energy Source Food represents a source of high energy electrons similar to the potential energy of being on top of a slide. When the electrons pass from the high potential state of food to oxygen, released energy is converted to other forms of energy. ...
Respiration
... • RESPIRATION a process where organic (food) molecules are oxidized & broken down to release E • Glycolysis is the 1o source of e- for the citric acid and etransport chain ...
... • RESPIRATION a process where organic (food) molecules are oxidized & broken down to release E • Glycolysis is the 1o source of e- for the citric acid and etransport chain ...
Chapter 10: Photosynthesis
... D. In plants and algae, photosynthesis occurs in E. Evolutionary descendants of F. Photosynthetic membranes located within the G. Light reactions occur in three stages 1. Primary photoelectric event a. captured b. electron is 2. Charge Separation a. excitation energy is transferred to a b. energizes ...
... D. In plants and algae, photosynthesis occurs in E. Evolutionary descendants of F. Photosynthetic membranes located within the G. Light reactions occur in three stages 1. Primary photoelectric event a. captured b. electron is 2. Charge Separation a. excitation energy is transferred to a b. energizes ...
Chapter 6 Power Point
... from the inside to the outside This movement powers the formation of ATP On average, the movement of a pair of electrons down the ETC produces enough energy to form 3 ATP from ADP More H+ ions outside This imbalance supplies the energy to make ATP from ADP ...
... from the inside to the outside This movement powers the formation of ATP On average, the movement of a pair of electrons down the ETC produces enough energy to form 3 ATP from ADP More H+ ions outside This imbalance supplies the energy to make ATP from ADP ...
Reading GuideChapter6_Tues
... the same site as the substrate. If the active site is occupied, then the substrate can not be turned into product….and enzyme activity is decreased. A good example of a competitive inhibitor is the drug sulfanilamide. This drug is chemically similar enough to the compound PABA. PABA is a precursor u ...
... the same site as the substrate. If the active site is occupied, then the substrate can not be turned into product….and enzyme activity is decreased. A good example of a competitive inhibitor is the drug sulfanilamide. This drug is chemically similar enough to the compound PABA. PABA is a precursor u ...
Slide 1
... Krebs Cycle • For each A-CoA going into Krebs… 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP & 2 CO2 are produced • The 2 CO2 molecules released in the cycle convert 6C citrate back to 4C molecules and result in 4C oxaloacetate to renew the cycle • Note: 2 A-CoA are produced for each ...
... Krebs Cycle • For each A-CoA going into Krebs… 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP & 2 CO2 are produced • The 2 CO2 molecules released in the cycle convert 6C citrate back to 4C molecules and result in 4C oxaloacetate to renew the cycle • Note: 2 A-CoA are produced for each ...
Document
... a. Energy is released as H+ ions move freely across mitochondrial membrane b. ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase c. A concentration gradient is generated when large numbers of H+ ions are passively transported from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the mitochondr ...
... a. Energy is released as H+ ions move freely across mitochondrial membrane b. ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase c. A concentration gradient is generated when large numbers of H+ ions are passively transported from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the mitochondr ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.