![Chapter 3—The Cell I. Cell Theory. a. Organisms are made of 1 or](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017209192_1-1c2ada4decb16538e195a8f20c67d617-300x300.png)
Chapter 3—The Cell I. Cell Theory. a. Organisms are made of 1 or
... ii. Controls movements of substances into and out of the cell, maintaining critical concentration gradients. iii. Proteins within the phospholipid bi-layer include: 1. Transport proteins—bind molecules or ions on one side of the cell membrane and release them on the other. 2. Receptor proteins—bind ...
... ii. Controls movements of substances into and out of the cell, maintaining critical concentration gradients. iii. Proteins within the phospholipid bi-layer include: 1. Transport proteins—bind molecules or ions on one side of the cell membrane and release them on the other. 2. Receptor proteins—bind ...
Guided Practice
... reaction is to form two energy storing compounds to power the next step. In the next part of photosynthesis, the ___________________________ reaction uses carbon atoms from _________________ ___________________ in the air, to produce ________________________. The two main products of photosynthesis ...
... reaction is to form two energy storing compounds to power the next step. In the next part of photosynthesis, the ___________________________ reaction uses carbon atoms from _________________ ___________________ in the air, to produce ________________________. The two main products of photosynthesis ...
Cellular Respiration Notes (Overhead Version)
... reused. The electrons in the hydrogen atoms from NADH and FADH2 are at a High Energy Level. These High Energy Electron are PASSED Along a Series of Molecules. As the move from Molecule to Molecule, the Electrons LOSE some of their Energy. The Energy they LOSE is used to PUMP Protons of the Hydrogen ...
... reused. The electrons in the hydrogen atoms from NADH and FADH2 are at a High Energy Level. These High Energy Electron are PASSED Along a Series of Molecules. As the move from Molecule to Molecule, the Electrons LOSE some of their Energy. The Energy they LOSE is used to PUMP Protons of the Hydrogen ...
1 Lecture 27: Metabolic Pathways Part I: Glycolysis
... This completes the “first stage” of glycolysis. Overall Δ G for the first 5 steps under cellular conditions is -53 kJ/mol. So far, 2 ATP molecules have been consumed. ...
... This completes the “first stage” of glycolysis. Overall Δ G for the first 5 steps under cellular conditions is -53 kJ/mol. So far, 2 ATP molecules have been consumed. ...
Unit Two “Energy Acquisition”
... C) Electron Transport Chain: formation of approximately 30 ATP’s that occurs in the Mitochondria in the presence of oxygen 1. NADH and FADH2 transfer high energy electrons to molecules embedded in inner mitochondrial membrane 2. Once they’ve donated electrons, NAD+ and FAD move back to Krebs Cycle 3 ...
... C) Electron Transport Chain: formation of approximately 30 ATP’s that occurs in the Mitochondria in the presence of oxygen 1. NADH and FADH2 transfer high energy electrons to molecules embedded in inner mitochondrial membrane 2. Once they’ve donated electrons, NAD+ and FAD move back to Krebs Cycle 3 ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034 Part A
... 6. Differentiate LDL from HDL. 7. What is chemi-osmotic hypothesis? 8. Comment on auto oxidation. 9. Write a note on Zimmermann reaction. 10. What are anti oxidants? ...
... 6. Differentiate LDL from HDL. 7. What is chemi-osmotic hypothesis? 8. Comment on auto oxidation. 9. Write a note on Zimmermann reaction. 10. What are anti oxidants? ...
ATP: The Main energy carrier
... make ATP. – amino acids not usually needed for energy – about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate ...
... make ATP. – amino acids not usually needed for energy – about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate ...
M220 Lecture 11 - Napa Valley College
... as glucose are oxidized, the hydrogens (with their electrons) that are lost, must be gained by other chemicals. These other chemicals are therefore reduced as they gain hydrogens. Coenzymes can receive these hydrogens (become reduced) to make enzymatic reactions work. These same coenzymes will later ...
... as glucose are oxidized, the hydrogens (with their electrons) that are lost, must be gained by other chemicals. These other chemicals are therefore reduced as they gain hydrogens. Coenzymes can receive these hydrogens (become reduced) to make enzymatic reactions work. These same coenzymes will later ...
Chapter 19a Oxidative Phosphorylation and
... Ans: QH2 → cyt b → cyt c1 → cyt c → cyt (a + a3) → O2 E'° for O2 must be the larger positive value (+0.82) because electron flow occurs spontaneously to the electron acceptor with the more positive E'°. 17. Electron-transfer reactions in mitochondria Pages: 712-717 Difficulty: 3 Diagram the path of ...
... Ans: QH2 → cyt b → cyt c1 → cyt c → cyt (a + a3) → O2 E'° for O2 must be the larger positive value (+0.82) because electron flow occurs spontaneously to the electron acceptor with the more positive E'°. 17. Electron-transfer reactions in mitochondria Pages: 712-717 Difficulty: 3 Diagram the path of ...
Respiration - Ms. Killikelly's Science Classes
... Substrate-Level Phosphorylation Oxidative Phosphorylation ...
... Substrate-Level Phosphorylation Oxidative Phosphorylation ...
Nutrition - Athens Academy
... 25. Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is false? A. The process occurs in the mitochondria. B. The major end product of the cycle is lactic acid. C. At several steps, NADH molecules are formed. D. Carbon dioxide is produced at several steps in the cycle. E. Water is forme ...
... 25. Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is false? A. The process occurs in the mitochondria. B. The major end product of the cycle is lactic acid. C. At several steps, NADH molecules are formed. D. Carbon dioxide is produced at several steps in the cycle. E. Water is forme ...
Cellular Respiration
... Organisms cannot use glucose directly, it must be broken down into smaller units. This process in living things begins with glycolysis. If oxygen is present, glycolysis is followed by the Krebs Cycle and electron transport chain – This is called Cellular ...
... Organisms cannot use glucose directly, it must be broken down into smaller units. This process in living things begins with glycolysis. If oxygen is present, glycolysis is followed by the Krebs Cycle and electron transport chain – This is called Cellular ...
Chapter 9: How do cells harvest energy?
... 2. electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred to a chain of membrane-bound electron acceptors, and eventually passed to oxygen acceptors include flavin mononucleotide (FMN), ubiquinone, iron-sulfur proteins, cytochromes in the end, electrons wind up on molecular oxygen, and water is formed (N ...
... 2. electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred to a chain of membrane-bound electron acceptors, and eventually passed to oxygen acceptors include flavin mononucleotide (FMN), ubiquinone, iron-sulfur proteins, cytochromes in the end, electrons wind up on molecular oxygen, and water is formed (N ...
Mitochondria consist of a matrix where three
... 1. Pyruvate is modified and combined with a 4-carbon molecule in mitochondria to produce 1 citric acid, a molecule of CO2, and a molecule of NADH. 2. The citric acid molecule takes part in an energy releasing process called the citric acid cycle. The cycle which takes place in the matrix of the mito ...
... 1. Pyruvate is modified and combined with a 4-carbon molecule in mitochondria to produce 1 citric acid, a molecule of CO2, and a molecule of NADH. 2. The citric acid molecule takes part in an energy releasing process called the citric acid cycle. The cycle which takes place in the matrix of the mito ...
Exam #2 Review
... D. Metabolic pathways are comprised of a series of reactions. These pathways must be dynamic and coordinated so that cells can respond to changes in environment. Each reaction is catalyzed by a specific enzyme. Every enzyme-catalyzed reaction represents a potential point of regulation (inhibition o ...
... D. Metabolic pathways are comprised of a series of reactions. These pathways must be dynamic and coordinated so that cells can respond to changes in environment. Each reaction is catalyzed by a specific enzyme. Every enzyme-catalyzed reaction represents a potential point of regulation (inhibition o ...
Cellular Respiration
... gradient as there is a much greater concentration of H+ ions in the intermembrane space The only way H+ ions can diffuse into the matrix is through ATP synthase ...
... gradient as there is a much greater concentration of H+ ions in the intermembrane space The only way H+ ions can diffuse into the matrix is through ATP synthase ...
chapt08
... 1. The electron transport chain is located in the cristae of mitochondria and consists of carriers that pass electrons successively from one to another. 2. Some of the protein carriers are cytochrome molecules, complex carbon rings with a heme (iron) group in the center. 3. NADH and FADH2 carry the ...
... 1. The electron transport chain is located in the cristae of mitochondria and consists of carriers that pass electrons successively from one to another. 2. Some of the protein carriers are cytochrome molecules, complex carbon rings with a heme (iron) group in the center. 3. NADH and FADH2 carry the ...
CK12 Homework Sections 1.27 to 1.30 Section 1.27 Glycolysis 1
... 3. What is the maximum number of ATP molecules that can be produced during the electron transport stage of aerobic respiration? The two NADH produced in the cytoplasm produces 2 to 3 ATP each (4 to 6 total) by the electron transport system, the 8 NADH produced in the mitochondria produces three ATP ...
... 3. What is the maximum number of ATP molecules that can be produced during the electron transport stage of aerobic respiration? The two NADH produced in the cytoplasm produces 2 to 3 ATP each (4 to 6 total) by the electron transport system, the 8 NADH produced in the mitochondria produces three ATP ...
Document
... The concept of pathway flux (overall rate -- mols/(product time) Equibrial and non-equilibrial reactions and control of flux PFK and glycogen phosphorylase as examples of nonequilibrial reactions. Inhibition and de-inhibition; activation. ...
... The concept of pathway flux (overall rate -- mols/(product time) Equibrial and non-equilibrial reactions and control of flux PFK and glycogen phosphorylase as examples of nonequilibrial reactions. Inhibition and de-inhibition; activation. ...
Metabolism: the chemical reactions of a cell
... In allosteric site, inhibitor is not reacted, but causes a shape change in the protein. The substrate no longer fits in the active site, so it is not chemically changed either. ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/.../ noncompetitive.htm ...
... In allosteric site, inhibitor is not reacted, but causes a shape change in the protein. The substrate no longer fits in the active site, so it is not chemically changed either. ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/.../ noncompetitive.htm ...
Cellular Respiration
... ◦ Substrate Level Phosphorylation (during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle) ...
... ◦ Substrate Level Phosphorylation (during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle) ...
fermentation & evolution
... Fermentation enables some cells to produce ATP without the help of oxygen • Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons to any electron acceptor, not just to oxygen. • Glycolysis generates 2 ATP whether oxygen is present (aerobic) or not (anaerobic). • Under aerobic conditions, NADH transfers its elec ...
... Fermentation enables some cells to produce ATP without the help of oxygen • Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons to any electron acceptor, not just to oxygen. • Glycolysis generates 2 ATP whether oxygen is present (aerobic) or not (anaerobic). • Under aerobic conditions, NADH transfers its elec ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.