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ATP Molecules
... • – area on enzyme where substrate fits • The active site may undergo a slight change in shape, called induced fit, in order to accommodate the substrate(s). • The enzyme and substrate form an enzymesubstrate complex during the reaction. • The enzyme is not changed by the reaction, and it is free to ...
... • – area on enzyme where substrate fits • The active site may undergo a slight change in shape, called induced fit, in order to accommodate the substrate(s). • The enzyme and substrate form an enzymesubstrate complex during the reaction. • The enzyme is not changed by the reaction, and it is free to ...
answer key
... Oligomycin inhibits F1Fo-ATPase while CN- inhibits cytochrome oxidase. Because electron transport through cytochrome oxidase is coupled with ATP synthesis, both inhibitors inhibit the oxidative phosphorylation of pyruvate and succinate. Dinitrophenol uncouples oxidative phosphorylation so that subst ...
... Oligomycin inhibits F1Fo-ATPase while CN- inhibits cytochrome oxidase. Because electron transport through cytochrome oxidase is coupled with ATP synthesis, both inhibitors inhibit the oxidative phosphorylation of pyruvate and succinate. Dinitrophenol uncouples oxidative phosphorylation so that subst ...
Final Review - Chemistry Courses: About: Department of
... 14.Electron transport, ATP synthase, P/O ratio 15. purpose of light reactions, dark reactions 16. energetics of FA synthesis and degradation 17. nitrogen processing, catabolism of AA 18. medical applications of nucleotide metabolism 19. nucleic acid structure on atomic level ...
... 14.Electron transport, ATP synthase, P/O ratio 15. purpose of light reactions, dark reactions 16. energetics of FA synthesis and degradation 17. nitrogen processing, catabolism of AA 18. medical applications of nucleotide metabolism 19. nucleic acid structure on atomic level ...
Cellular Respiration Chapter 9
... •Oxidation is the loss of electrons; electrons are removed from hydrogen atoms contained in glucose. •Reduction is the gain of electrons; oxygen atoms accept hydrogen and electrons forming water H2O. ...
... •Oxidation is the loss of electrons; electrons are removed from hydrogen atoms contained in glucose. •Reduction is the gain of electrons; oxygen atoms accept hydrogen and electrons forming water H2O. ...
Semester 1 Exam Review Part 1
... atomic number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus A = Atomic Number These are all equal to each P = Proton Number other E = Electron Number ...
... atomic number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus A = Atomic Number These are all equal to each P = Proton Number other E = Electron Number ...
chapter outline - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... A. During photosynthesis, energy from light is trapped and used to produce ATP and NADPH (light reactions), which are used to reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrates (dark reactions) B. Light reactions in oxygenic photosynthesis 1. Oxygenic photosynthesis generates molecular oxygen when light energy ...
... A. During photosynthesis, energy from light is trapped and used to produce ATP and NADPH (light reactions), which are used to reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrates (dark reactions) B. Light reactions in oxygenic photosynthesis 1. Oxygenic photosynthesis generates molecular oxygen when light energy ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... Electrons carried to the inner membrane by NADH and FADH are dropped off at the beginning As the electrons are passed along, their energy is used to pump H+ ions out of the matrix and into the intermembrane space creating a Conc. Gradient The only way back into the matrix for H+ ions is through a pr ...
... Electrons carried to the inner membrane by NADH and FADH are dropped off at the beginning As the electrons are passed along, their energy is used to pump H+ ions out of the matrix and into the intermembrane space creating a Conc. Gradient The only way back into the matrix for H+ ions is through a pr ...
1 Chapter 2 Section 1- Nature of matter Atom: smallest unit of
... Molecule: two or more atoms join together chemically; can be of the same element or not. Examples: O2, H2O, NaCl, CO2 ...
... Molecule: two or more atoms join together chemically; can be of the same element or not. Examples: O2, H2O, NaCl, CO2 ...
103 topic summary
... Regulation of transcription: the lactose operon (control site and repressors) The genetic code: know how to use table of codons, implications of redundancy Translation: activation of tRNA, initiation and termination Genetic mutations: substitutions and frame shifts and their effects Genetic diseases ...
... Regulation of transcription: the lactose operon (control site and repressors) The genetic code: know how to use table of codons, implications of redundancy Translation: activation of tRNA, initiation and termination Genetic mutations: substitutions and frame shifts and their effects Genetic diseases ...
SBI3C Cell Biology Unit Test
... ____ 3.In a chloroplast the thylakoids are stacked on top of one another forming structures called stroma. __________________ ____ 4.Steroids are lipids. ____________________ ____ 6. Oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide cannot pass freely through cell membranes. ____________________ ____ 7.An increase ...
... ____ 3.In a chloroplast the thylakoids are stacked on top of one another forming structures called stroma. __________________ ____ 4.Steroids are lipids. ____________________ ____ 6. Oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide cannot pass freely through cell membranes. ____________________ ____ 7.An increase ...
Cellular Respiration Note Packet
... C. There is much _____________ stored in this molecule of _______________. This energy must be released in ___________________________ steps. If all the energy from glucose were released at once, most of it would be lost as ______________________. The energy stored in glucose will be released bit by ...
... C. There is much _____________ stored in this molecule of _______________. This energy must be released in ___________________________ steps. If all the energy from glucose were released at once, most of it would be lost as ______________________. The energy stored in glucose will be released bit by ...
Cellular Respiration
... Right before the Krebs Cycle, the Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to Acetyl-CoA. During Krebs, the Acetyl-CoA is broken down into CO2 & electrons (H+). 2 ATP are created. The electrons then move on to the Electron Transport Chain. ...
... Right before the Krebs Cycle, the Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to Acetyl-CoA. During Krebs, the Acetyl-CoA is broken down into CO2 & electrons (H+). 2 ATP are created. The electrons then move on to the Electron Transport Chain. ...
Bio102 Problems
... lipid must be more oxidized more times than each carbon atom from a carbohydrate. With each of these oxidations, a reduced coenzyme is produced which will ultimately be used to synthesize more ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. 16. The AMPK enzyme becomes active when A. PFK activity is inhibited. B. ...
... lipid must be more oxidized more times than each carbon atom from a carbohydrate. With each of these oxidations, a reduced coenzyme is produced which will ultimately be used to synthesize more ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. 16. The AMPK enzyme becomes active when A. PFK activity is inhibited. B. ...
BIO 330 Cell Biology Lecture Outline Spring 2011 Chapter 9
... Preparation for entry to Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle; tricarboxylic acid cycle) C. Fermentation In absence of oxygen Pyruvate is reduced by NADH to regenerate NAD+ Lactate fermentation Lactate dehydrogenase works in either direction depending on prevailing conditions in the cell Lactic acid produ ...
... Preparation for entry to Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle; tricarboxylic acid cycle) C. Fermentation In absence of oxygen Pyruvate is reduced by NADH to regenerate NAD+ Lactate fermentation Lactate dehydrogenase works in either direction depending on prevailing conditions in the cell Lactic acid produ ...
Molecular Biology
... minerals that help regulate cell function and provide structure for cells. Major minerals, in terms of amount present, include calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. In addition, your body needs smaller amounts of chromium, ...
... minerals that help regulate cell function and provide structure for cells. Major minerals, in terms of amount present, include calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. In addition, your body needs smaller amounts of chromium, ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Examples: plants, algae, some bacteria – Heterotrophs or Consumers • Cannot make their own food • Take in food by eating • Examples: animals, protists, fungi, most bacteria ...
... • Examples: plants, algae, some bacteria – Heterotrophs or Consumers • Cannot make their own food • Take in food by eating • Examples: animals, protists, fungi, most bacteria ...
Notes CH 7 - Haiku Learning
... 3. ATP synthase: enzyme in the inner membranes that uses the energy of an ion gradient to allow the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP a) Ion gradient is created by a difference in hydrogen ion concentration across the cristae membranes b) H+ are pumped out of the matrix into the intermembrane sp ...
... 3. ATP synthase: enzyme in the inner membranes that uses the energy of an ion gradient to allow the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP a) Ion gradient is created by a difference in hydrogen ion concentration across the cristae membranes b) H+ are pumped out of the matrix into the intermembrane sp ...
Chemical Reactions in Living Things
... Cells contain an aqueous solution of salts and chemicals and are surrounded by a watery solution containing salts and chemicals. These salts and chemicals move in and out of the cell by osmosis (water only), diffusion and active transport. Lots of chemical reactions take place inside living cells. A ...
... Cells contain an aqueous solution of salts and chemicals and are surrounded by a watery solution containing salts and chemicals. These salts and chemicals move in and out of the cell by osmosis (water only), diffusion and active transport. Lots of chemical reactions take place inside living cells. A ...
Cellular Respiration Test review
... cellular respiration kinetic energy potential energy thermal energy – a type of kinetic energy where water and air molecules collide again and again and they give off heat ...
... cellular respiration kinetic energy potential energy thermal energy – a type of kinetic energy where water and air molecules collide again and again and they give off heat ...
Document
... 4. Pyruvate + HCO3 + NAD(P)H malic enzyme malate + NAD(P)+ widely distributed in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. ...
... 4. Pyruvate + HCO3 + NAD(P)H malic enzyme malate + NAD(P)+ widely distributed in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. ...
Chapter 3—The Cell I. Cell Theory. a. Organisms are made of 1 or
... ii. Controls movements of substances into and out of the cell, maintaining critical concentration gradients. iii. Proteins within the phospholipid bi-layer include: 1. Transport proteins—bind molecules or ions on one side of the cell membrane and release them on the other. 2. Receptor proteins—bind ...
... ii. Controls movements of substances into and out of the cell, maintaining critical concentration gradients. iii. Proteins within the phospholipid bi-layer include: 1. Transport proteins—bind molecules or ions on one side of the cell membrane and release them on the other. 2. Receptor proteins—bind ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.