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Make It – Break It
... iv) Aspartate from 4C fatty acid NOTE: There will be amination and deamination reactions involved for amino acids; you must include these in your pathway diagrams. ...
... iv) Aspartate from 4C fatty acid NOTE: There will be amination and deamination reactions involved for amino acids; you must include these in your pathway diagrams. ...
CHAPTER 9
... g. The electron transport chain captures free energy from electrons in a series of coupled reactions that establish an electrochemical gradient across membranes.: 1. Electron transport chain reactions occur in chloroplasts (photosynthesis), mitochondria (cellular respiration) and prokaryotic plasma ...
... g. The electron transport chain captures free energy from electrons in a series of coupled reactions that establish an electrochemical gradient across membranes.: 1. Electron transport chain reactions occur in chloroplasts (photosynthesis), mitochondria (cellular respiration) and prokaryotic plasma ...
ATP, Photosynthesis and Respiration
... membrane. • Its uses the energy released from the exergonic flow of electrons to pump protons from the matrix to the inner membrance space. • This sets up a proton gradient across the membrane=chemiosmosis. ...
... membrane. • Its uses the energy released from the exergonic flow of electrons to pump protons from the matrix to the inner membrance space. • This sets up a proton gradient across the membrane=chemiosmosis. ...
Master Entrance Exam
... (A) All enzymes of the cycle are located in the cytoplasm, except succinate dehydrogenase, which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. (B) In the presence of malonate, one would expect succinate to accumulate. (C) Oxaloacetate is used as a substrate but is not consumed in the cycle. (D) Succ ...
... (A) All enzymes of the cycle are located in the cytoplasm, except succinate dehydrogenase, which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. (B) In the presence of malonate, one would expect succinate to accumulate. (C) Oxaloacetate is used as a substrate but is not consumed in the cycle. (D) Succ ...
Cellular Respiration
... Acety CoA (2C) + 3NAD + FAD + ADP 2 CO2 + 3 NADH + FADH2 + ATP Electron Transport Chain ATP Synthesis Electron Transport Chain: is a series of H-acceptors and electron-acceptors associated with the inner membrane of Mitochondria. NADH passes its 2 electrons to first H-acceptor and 2 H+ are pumped ...
... Acety CoA (2C) + 3NAD + FAD + ADP 2 CO2 + 3 NADH + FADH2 + ATP Electron Transport Chain ATP Synthesis Electron Transport Chain: is a series of H-acceptors and electron-acceptors associated with the inner membrane of Mitochondria. NADH passes its 2 electrons to first H-acceptor and 2 H+ are pumped ...
Camp 1
... membrane-bound complexes and two electron carriers, coenzyme Q and cytochrome c. • In a series of oxidation-reduction reactions, electrons from FADH2 and NADH are transferred from one complex to the next until they reach O2. • O2 is reduced to H2O. ...
... membrane-bound complexes and two electron carriers, coenzyme Q and cytochrome c. • In a series of oxidation-reduction reactions, electrons from FADH2 and NADH are transferred from one complex to the next until they reach O2. • O2 is reduced to H2O. ...
document
... M. What is made during a reaction N. The chemicals that undergo a reaction. O. A reaction in which one element replaces another in a compound. ...
... M. What is made during a reaction N. The chemicals that undergo a reaction. O. A reaction in which one element replaces another in a compound. ...
Biochem Midterm - Website of Neelay Gandhi
... 1. Which of the following statements concerning chemical reactions in the human body is incorrect? A. Due to the non-specific nature of enzymes, many reactions are able to be carried out in the human body that would otherwise proceed very slowly or not at all in nature. B. Cellular compartmentalizat ...
... 1. Which of the following statements concerning chemical reactions in the human body is incorrect? A. Due to the non-specific nature of enzymes, many reactions are able to be carried out in the human body that would otherwise proceed very slowly or not at all in nature. B. Cellular compartmentalizat ...
Séminaire de l`IPBS Axel Magalon Laboratoire de Chimie
... prokaryotes are characterized by the coexistence of several complexes both at the electron input and output leading to multiple electron transfer routes. Such a metabolic flexibility accounts for colonization of multiple environments and adaptation to environmental changes such as the ones encounter ...
... prokaryotes are characterized by the coexistence of several complexes both at the electron input and output leading to multiple electron transfer routes. Such a metabolic flexibility accounts for colonization of multiple environments and adaptation to environmental changes such as the ones encounter ...
Calvin Cycle Answers
... same active site. 5. The light reactions: cyclic and non-cyclic electron pathways. 6. NADPH is oxidized. PGAP/1,3-Bisphosphoglyerate is reduced. 7. Out of 6 PGAL/G3P molecules in each cycle only 1 is used to make glucose – the others are used to regenerate RuBP. 8. As shown in the book or handout, 2 ...
... same active site. 5. The light reactions: cyclic and non-cyclic electron pathways. 6. NADPH is oxidized. PGAP/1,3-Bisphosphoglyerate is reduced. 7. Out of 6 PGAL/G3P molecules in each cycle only 1 is used to make glucose – the others are used to regenerate RuBP. 8. As shown in the book or handout, 2 ...
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline
... six CO2 molecules, two from the prep reaction and four from the citric acid cycle. C. The Electron Transport Chain 1. The electron transport chain (ETC) is located in the cristae of mitochondria and consists of carriers that pass electrons successively from one to another. 2. NADH and FADH2 carry th ...
... six CO2 molecules, two from the prep reaction and four from the citric acid cycle. C. The Electron Transport Chain 1. The electron transport chain (ETC) is located in the cristae of mitochondria and consists of carriers that pass electrons successively from one to another. 2. NADH and FADH2 carry th ...
ReadingStudyGuide1.W97
... glucose that is converted to pyruvate? What is the net yield? 9. Notice in the same figure the compounds NAD and NADH, which are coenzymes. What is the function of coenzymes? Which form of these coenzymes is oxidized? Which form is reduced? What is the net yield of NADH per molecule of glucose that ...
... glucose that is converted to pyruvate? What is the net yield? 9. Notice in the same figure the compounds NAD and NADH, which are coenzymes. What is the function of coenzymes? Which form of these coenzymes is oxidized? Which form is reduced? What is the net yield of NADH per molecule of glucose that ...
How do they (or we) use the glucose?
... - done by yeast, certain bacteria, exhausted muscle cells of animals - produces 2 ATP per glucose - Two steps: - glycolysis - fermentation: alcohol or lactic acid ...
... - done by yeast, certain bacteria, exhausted muscle cells of animals - produces 2 ATP per glucose - Two steps: - glycolysis - fermentation: alcohol or lactic acid ...
Step 2: Pyruvate Oxidation
... • Does not require oxygen (anaerobic) • Inefficient (net 2 ATP produced) ...
... • Does not require oxygen (anaerobic) • Inefficient (net 2 ATP produced) ...
Chemistry of Life
... 1. Covalent Bonds Electron arrangement: Hydrogen and Helium hold up to 2 electrons in the outer level; all other atoms can hold up to 8 electrons in the outer level Outer level electrons are called “valence electrons”. ...
... 1. Covalent Bonds Electron arrangement: Hydrogen and Helium hold up to 2 electrons in the outer level; all other atoms can hold up to 8 electrons in the outer level Outer level electrons are called “valence electrons”. ...
Answers - U of L Class Index
... a. 4 ATP x 7.3 kcal/mole = 29 kcal (actual ATP produced from glycolysis because the protons from the NADH in the cytoplasm are shuttled to FAD in the mitochondria). b. 6 ATP x 7.3 kcal/mole = 44 kcal (2 pyruvate to 2 acetyl CoA) c. 24 ATP x 7.3 kcal/ mole = 175 kcal (2 acetyl CoA citric acid cycle) ...
... a. 4 ATP x 7.3 kcal/mole = 29 kcal (actual ATP produced from glycolysis because the protons from the NADH in the cytoplasm are shuttled to FAD in the mitochondria). b. 6 ATP x 7.3 kcal/mole = 44 kcal (2 pyruvate to 2 acetyl CoA) c. 24 ATP x 7.3 kcal/ mole = 175 kcal (2 acetyl CoA citric acid cycle) ...
Medical Biology Cellular Metabolism
... Cellular metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life. Cellular metabolism involves complex sequences of controlled biochemical reactions. These processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to ...
... Cellular metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life. Cellular metabolism involves complex sequences of controlled biochemical reactions. These processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to ...
Chapter 6 – How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy Standard 1.g
... released in ATP, the rest is released as heat ATP is produced in 2 ways 1. The movement of electrons along an electron transport chain creates a proton gradient across the inner membrane. The protons diffuse back across the membrane through ATP synthase releasing energy that is used to make ATP by 2 ...
... released in ATP, the rest is released as heat ATP is produced in 2 ways 1. The movement of electrons along an electron transport chain creates a proton gradient across the inner membrane. The protons diffuse back across the membrane through ATP synthase releasing energy that is used to make ATP by 2 ...
Lecture 7-enzymes 3
... Oxygenases Oxygenases catalyze substrate oxidation by molecular O2 The reduced product of the reaction in this case is water and not hydrogen peroxide There are two types of oxygenases: Monooxygenases; transfer one oxygen atom to the substrate, and reduce the other oxygen atom to water Di ...
... Oxygenases Oxygenases catalyze substrate oxidation by molecular O2 The reduced product of the reaction in this case is water and not hydrogen peroxide There are two types of oxygenases: Monooxygenases; transfer one oxygen atom to the substrate, and reduce the other oxygen atom to water Di ...
No Slide Title
... Which process is best represented by the following chemical equation? sugars + oxygen carbon dioxide + water ...
... Which process is best represented by the following chemical equation? sugars + oxygen carbon dioxide + water ...
Cellular respiration photosynthesis
... Which process is best represented by the following chemical equation? sugars + oxygen carbon dioxide + water ...
... Which process is best represented by the following chemical equation? sugars + oxygen carbon dioxide + water ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.