2-1 Checkpoint - Jordan High School
... 1. Define pH, and explain how the pH scale relates to acidity and alkalinity. 2. Why is an extreme change in pH of body fluids undesirable? ...
... 1. Define pH, and explain how the pH scale relates to acidity and alkalinity. 2. Why is an extreme change in pH of body fluids undesirable? ...
File
... C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2 + 38 ATP In cellular respiration is the breakdown of glucose demonstrating an anabolic or catabolic chemical ...
... C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2 + 38 ATP In cellular respiration is the breakdown of glucose demonstrating an anabolic or catabolic chemical ...
Energy Transfer
... food macromolecules into small subunits. Within the cytosol, AA’s, glucose, fatty acids, and glycerol units are degraded into acetyl-CoA Within the mitochondria, acetyl-CoA degrades to CO2 and H2O with considerable ATP resynthesis. ...
... food macromolecules into small subunits. Within the cytosol, AA’s, glucose, fatty acids, and glycerol units are degraded into acetyl-CoA Within the mitochondria, acetyl-CoA degrades to CO2 and H2O with considerable ATP resynthesis. ...
Energy conversion: Fermentation
... -in respiration The reaction continues, where the pyruvate molecules go into the citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle yielding more ATP, NADH, and FADH. -this occur in the matrix of mitochondria in eukaryotes or in the cytosol in bacteria. -the reduced molecules passes their electrons to O2 that serve a ...
... -in respiration The reaction continues, where the pyruvate molecules go into the citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle yielding more ATP, NADH, and FADH. -this occur in the matrix of mitochondria in eukaryotes or in the cytosol in bacteria. -the reduced molecules passes their electrons to O2 that serve a ...
Name Date AP Biology – Metabolism and Enzymes Review When a
... b. free energy is decreasing. c. the forward and the backward reactions have stopped. d. ΔG = 0 e. All of the above are true. 6. An endergonic reaction could be described as one that a. proceeds spontaneously with the addition of activation energy. b. produces products with more free energy than the ...
... b. free energy is decreasing. c. the forward and the backward reactions have stopped. d. ΔG = 0 e. All of the above are true. 6. An endergonic reaction could be described as one that a. proceeds spontaneously with the addition of activation energy. b. produces products with more free energy than the ...
TCA Cycle Handout 1
... enzymes essential for energy production through aerobic respiration, and, like glycolysis, arose early in evolution. This pathway is also an important source of biosynthetic building blocks used in gluconeogenesis, amino acid biosynthesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis. The Krebs cycle takes place in ...
... enzymes essential for energy production through aerobic respiration, and, like glycolysis, arose early in evolution. This pathway is also an important source of biosynthetic building blocks used in gluconeogenesis, amino acid biosynthesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis. The Krebs cycle takes place in ...
Respiration 1 PDF
... Cellular Respiration Redox rxns = oxidation-reduction rxns • Transfer of electrons (e-) releases energy stored in organic molecules → this energy is ultimately used to generate ATP • Oxidation = loss of e- from one substance • Reduction = addition of e- to another substance • Na + Cl → Na+ + Cl• Na ...
... Cellular Respiration Redox rxns = oxidation-reduction rxns • Transfer of electrons (e-) releases energy stored in organic molecules → this energy is ultimately used to generate ATP • Oxidation = loss of e- from one substance • Reduction = addition of e- to another substance • Na + Cl → Na+ + Cl• Na ...
Cellular Metabolism and Nutrition notes
... phosphate is removed and ADP (adenosine diphosphate) + a phosphate group is formed. ...
... phosphate is removed and ADP (adenosine diphosphate) + a phosphate group is formed. ...
The Working Cell: Energy from Food
... releases the energy in controlled “steps” • Glucose gets broken down in several steps, transferring electrons to molecules called electron carriers • The electron carriers accept high-energy electrons from glucose and pass them along a chain of electron carriers (ETC) releasing ATP • Oxygen comes in ...
... releases the energy in controlled “steps” • Glucose gets broken down in several steps, transferring electrons to molecules called electron carriers • The electron carriers accept high-energy electrons from glucose and pass them along a chain of electron carriers (ETC) releasing ATP • Oxygen comes in ...
1. Triglyceride degradation is not influenced by: A cAMP B Glucagon
... 8. Which of the following lipoproteins participates in reverse cholesterol transport: A VLDL B HDL C LDL D chylomicrons 9. Which of the following occurs when cholesterol enters cells: A Cholesterol is released from the LDL particles when the particles become internalized by lysozomes B LDL receptors ...
... 8. Which of the following lipoproteins participates in reverse cholesterol transport: A VLDL B HDL C LDL D chylomicrons 9. Which of the following occurs when cholesterol enters cells: A Cholesterol is released from the LDL particles when the particles become internalized by lysozomes B LDL receptors ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿
... • A variant of TCA for plants and bacteria Acetate-based growth - net synthesis of carbohydrates and other intermediates from acetate - is not possible with TCA Glyoxylate cycle offers a solution for plants and some bacteria and algae The CO2-evolving steps are bypassed and an extra acetate is ut ...
... • A variant of TCA for plants and bacteria Acetate-based growth - net synthesis of carbohydrates and other intermediates from acetate - is not possible with TCA Glyoxylate cycle offers a solution for plants and some bacteria and algae The CO2-evolving steps are bypassed and an extra acetate is ut ...
NAME Chapter 9 VOCAB Cellular Respiration pp 220
... ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN – series of proteins in which high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP into ATP KREBS CYCLE – second stage of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting steps ANAEROBIC – ’’not in a ...
... ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN – series of proteins in which high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP into ATP KREBS CYCLE – second stage of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting steps ANAEROBIC – ’’not in a ...
Discuss on Cellular Respiration Submitted by WWW
... pyruvic acid is further broken down and the energy in its molecule is used to form high-energy compounds such as NADH; the electron transport system, in which electrons are transported along a series of coenzymes and cytochromes and the energy in the electrons is released; and chemiosmosis, in which ...
... pyruvic acid is further broken down and the energy in its molecule is used to form high-energy compounds such as NADH; the electron transport system, in which electrons are transported along a series of coenzymes and cytochromes and the energy in the electrons is released; and chemiosmosis, in which ...
Bio 110 S.I. chapters 6 & 7
... Will need to know every detail of Glycolysis pyruvate reduction citric acid cycle electron transport chain fermentation ...
... Will need to know every detail of Glycolysis pyruvate reduction citric acid cycle electron transport chain fermentation ...
BIOB111 - Tutorial activity for Session 21
... Answer these questions a. Where in the cell does the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) occur b. ...
... Answer these questions a. Where in the cell does the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) occur b. ...
(i)
... TWO of the above forms. b. ATP is the raw materials to build up dinucleotides and polynucleotides. c. ATP is the phosphorylating agent such as converting glucose to glucose phosphate in glycolysis. Question 3 Both takes place in anaerobic condition. Both are incomplete breakdown of glucose. Both inv ...
... TWO of the above forms. b. ATP is the raw materials to build up dinucleotides and polynucleotides. c. ATP is the phosphorylating agent such as converting glucose to glucose phosphate in glycolysis. Question 3 Both takes place in anaerobic condition. Both are incomplete breakdown of glucose. Both inv ...
Energy - Saint Demetrios Astoria School
... • Diffusion - movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration. • Equilibrium is reached and the concentration on both sides remain constant • In cells transport can be – Simple – move straight through membrane – Facilitated – passes through channel or carrier ...
... • Diffusion - movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration. • Equilibrium is reached and the concentration on both sides remain constant • In cells transport can be – Simple – move straight through membrane – Facilitated – passes through channel or carrier ...
Multiple Choice Questions - Elmwood Park Public Schools
... 9. The first process in breaking down glucose is A) the citric acid cycle. B) glycolysis. C) the electron transport system. D) fermentation. E) the preparatory reaction. 10. Which process produces both NADH and FADH2? A) the citric acid cycle B) glycolysis C) the electron transport system D) fermen ...
... 9. The first process in breaking down glucose is A) the citric acid cycle. B) glycolysis. C) the electron transport system. D) fermentation. E) the preparatory reaction. 10. Which process produces both NADH and FADH2? A) the citric acid cycle B) glycolysis C) the electron transport system D) fermen ...
SB3. Students will derive the relationship between single
... ________________ acid molecules. Also produces NADH and _____ molecules of ATP. Two Main Reactions of Cellular Respiration: 1. Krebs Cycle – Takes place in the ___________ of the mitochondria. Breaks down the pyruvic acid produced during Glycolysis to produce energy carrying molecules, NADH & FADH2, ...
... ________________ acid molecules. Also produces NADH and _____ molecules of ATP. Two Main Reactions of Cellular Respiration: 1. Krebs Cycle – Takes place in the ___________ of the mitochondria. Breaks down the pyruvic acid produced during Glycolysis to produce energy carrying molecules, NADH & FADH2, ...
Chapter 2: Major Metabolic Pathway
... Autotrophs and Heterotrophs •Organisms are divided into autotrophs and heterotrophs according to their energy pathways. •Autotrophs are those organisms that are able to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material by using basic energy sources such as sunlight. Plants are th ...
... Autotrophs and Heterotrophs •Organisms are divided into autotrophs and heterotrophs according to their energy pathways. •Autotrophs are those organisms that are able to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material by using basic energy sources such as sunlight. Plants are th ...
Major Metabolic Pathway
... Autotrophs and Heterotrophs •Organisms are divided into autotrophs and heterotrophs according to their energy pathways. •Autotrophs are those organisms that are able to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material by using basic energy sources such as sunlight. Plants are th ...
... Autotrophs and Heterotrophs •Organisms are divided into autotrophs and heterotrophs according to their energy pathways. •Autotrophs are those organisms that are able to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material by using basic energy sources such as sunlight. Plants are th ...
Metabolism Teaching Notes ***Print off slides 7,12,13, 16, 20, 23, 24
... by gaining electrons (i.e. they converted from NAD+ or FADH respectively by being reduced) during glycolysis, pyruvate decarboxylation and Kreb’s Cycle. o NADH and FADH2 are then fed into electron transport system where they are oxidized slowly and thus lose their electrons slowly to create proton m ...
... by gaining electrons (i.e. they converted from NAD+ or FADH respectively by being reduced) during glycolysis, pyruvate decarboxylation and Kreb’s Cycle. o NADH and FADH2 are then fed into electron transport system where they are oxidized slowly and thus lose their electrons slowly to create proton m ...
Biology of the Cell - Practice Exam: Unit III
... the hydrogen removed from water molecules is combined with carbon dioxide, forming glucose None of the above are correct. ...
... the hydrogen removed from water molecules is combined with carbon dioxide, forming glucose None of the above are correct. ...
Biology of the Cell - Practice Exam: Unit III (Answer key)
... the hydrogen removed from water molecules is combined with carbon dioxide, forming glucose None of the above are correct. ...
... the hydrogen removed from water molecules is combined with carbon dioxide, forming glucose None of the above are correct. ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.