Respiration Power Point
... • Put glucose with yeast and what were the two byproducts? • Carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol ...
... • Put glucose with yeast and what were the two byproducts? • Carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol ...
PowerPoint
... of glucose is still not in form of ATP • This will require the NADH and FADH2 that we have made so far – Glycolysis – 2 NADH – Convert Pyruvic Acid to Acetyl CoA – 2 NADH – Kreb’s Cycle – 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 ...
... of glucose is still not in form of ATP • This will require the NADH and FADH2 that we have made so far – Glycolysis – 2 NADH – Convert Pyruvic Acid to Acetyl CoA – 2 NADH – Kreb’s Cycle – 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 ...
Tutorial: Metabolic Signaling in the b-Cell
... triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy molecule. The ATP powers many of the energy-requiring chemical reactions that occur in the cell. However, in b-cells the ATP molecule and several intermediates of metabolism act also as signaling molecules. They tell the b-cell the level of blood glucose, so th ...
... triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy molecule. The ATP powers many of the energy-requiring chemical reactions that occur in the cell. However, in b-cells the ATP molecule and several intermediates of metabolism act also as signaling molecules. They tell the b-cell the level of blood glucose, so th ...
BIOCHEMISTRY (CHEM 360)
... Why do you think the cysteine side chain is involved here instead of the serine side chain (as in protease enzymes) to form an acyl intermediate? The cysteine side chain forms a thio-ester, instead of a normal ester with serine. Thio-esters are more reactive and thus more susceptible to nucleophilic ...
... Why do you think the cysteine side chain is involved here instead of the serine side chain (as in protease enzymes) to form an acyl intermediate? The cysteine side chain forms a thio-ester, instead of a normal ester with serine. Thio-esters are more reactive and thus more susceptible to nucleophilic ...
Notes
... of several organic acids, such as lactate. • Fermentation uses NADH and regenerates NAD+, which are free to pick up more electrons during early steps of glycolysis; this keeps ...
... of several organic acids, such as lactate. • Fermentation uses NADH and regenerates NAD+, which are free to pick up more electrons during early steps of glycolysis; this keeps ...
HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 6 - Hudson City Schools / Homepage
... • The bonds (electrons) with more energy (C6H12O6)and forming bonds with less energy (CO2 and ...
... • The bonds (electrons) with more energy (C6H12O6)and forming bonds with less energy (CO2 and ...
Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, Peroxisomes - Beck-Shop
... cycle) to fumarate with reduction of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) to FADH2. Complex II does not pump protons but transfers electrons from FADH2 to ubiquinone. Reduced ubiquinone carries these electrons to complex III. The third component of the electron transport pathway is complex III, also ca ...
... cycle) to fumarate with reduction of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) to FADH2. Complex II does not pump protons but transfers electrons from FADH2 to ubiquinone. Reduced ubiquinone carries these electrons to complex III. The third component of the electron transport pathway is complex III, also ca ...
L6 Cellular Respiration
... CO2 leaves cycle NAD+ The citric acid cycle yields One ATP from each acetyl CoA that enters the cycle, for a net gain of two ATP. ...
... CO2 leaves cycle NAD+ The citric acid cycle yields One ATP from each acetyl CoA that enters the cycle, for a net gain of two ATP. ...
Chapter 03 - Hinsdale South High School
... • Glucose is broken into smaller fragments by a series of enzymes • Generates two ATP • Requires no oxygen (anaerobic) • Prepares glucose for Krebs Cycle • Emergency energy source • Early metabolic pathway ...
... • Glucose is broken into smaller fragments by a series of enzymes • Generates two ATP • Requires no oxygen (anaerobic) • Prepares glucose for Krebs Cycle • Emergency energy source • Early metabolic pathway ...
RESPIRATION Metabolic processes that need energy include
... converted to glucose, and respired. Fatty acids cannot be respired. Fatty acids = long-chain hydrocarbons with a carboxylic acid group. In each molecule there is carbons and hydrogen atoms – source of many protons for oxidative phosphorylation so they produce a lot of ATP: Each fatty acid is c ...
... converted to glucose, and respired. Fatty acids cannot be respired. Fatty acids = long-chain hydrocarbons with a carboxylic acid group. In each molecule there is carbons and hydrogen atoms – source of many protons for oxidative phosphorylation so they produce a lot of ATP: Each fatty acid is c ...
I - Decatur ISD
... A peptide bond forms between amino acids by dehydration synthesis. ____________________________= the building up of large molecules by removing water molecules Enzymes A. Special proteins that speed chemical reactions 1. Chemical reactions require a certain _______________ to get started. ...
... A peptide bond forms between amino acids by dehydration synthesis. ____________________________= the building up of large molecules by removing water molecules Enzymes A. Special proteins that speed chemical reactions 1. Chemical reactions require a certain _______________ to get started. ...
Biosynthesis of Essential Amino Acids
... 1. It has been shown in many instances that enzymes catalyzing chemically similar reactions (e.g. malate and lactate dehydrogenases) have amazingly similar tertiary structures which suggests they evolved from a common ancestral protein. Likewise, chemical similarity in sequences of reactions in diff ...
... 1. It has been shown in many instances that enzymes catalyzing chemically similar reactions (e.g. malate and lactate dehydrogenases) have amazingly similar tertiary structures which suggests they evolved from a common ancestral protein. Likewise, chemical similarity in sequences of reactions in diff ...
How do we get energy?
... Our energy does not actually come directly from food. Lipids and carbohydrates provide us with the majority of our energy, but a series of chemical reactions is needed to actually produce energy from them. ATP adenosine triphosphate, molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food mo ...
... Our energy does not actually come directly from food. Lipids and carbohydrates provide us with the majority of our energy, but a series of chemical reactions is needed to actually produce energy from them. ATP adenosine triphosphate, molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food mo ...
Oxygen Metabolism and Oxygen Toxicity
... hydrolytic proteases, lipases, glucosides and phosphatases that digest the cell. Amazingly cells that have been exposed to short periods of hypoxia can recover without irreversible damage upon reperfusion with oxygen containing medium. Enzymes that use oxygen as a substrate. The electron transport s ...
... hydrolytic proteases, lipases, glucosides and phosphatases that digest the cell. Amazingly cells that have been exposed to short periods of hypoxia can recover without irreversible damage upon reperfusion with oxygen containing medium. Enzymes that use oxygen as a substrate. The electron transport s ...
2 ATP
... Stored energy (glucose) converted into useable energy (ATP) C6H12O6 (glucose) + O2 => CO2 + H2O ...
... Stored energy (glucose) converted into useable energy (ATP) C6H12O6 (glucose) + O2 => CO2 + H2O ...
Cellular Respiration
... a. a series of chemical reactions that break down pyruvate, producing ATP , NADH & FADH2 that enter an electron transport chain b. the process in which energy from electrons in NADH and FADH2 is used to produce ATP; and water is produced. c. the process that breaks down glucose to pyruvate, producin ...
... a. a series of chemical reactions that break down pyruvate, producing ATP , NADH & FADH2 that enter an electron transport chain b. the process in which energy from electrons in NADH and FADH2 is used to produce ATP; and water is produced. c. the process that breaks down glucose to pyruvate, producin ...
Study Guide: Metabolism, Cellular Respiration and Plant
... enzyme enzyme-substrate complex exergonic reaction feedback inhibition first law of thermodynamics free energy heat hemoglobin induced fit kinetic energy metabolic pathway metabolism noncompetitive inhibitor order phosphorylated potential energy ribose second law of thermodynamics substrate thermal ...
... enzyme enzyme-substrate complex exergonic reaction feedback inhibition first law of thermodynamics free energy heat hemoglobin induced fit kinetic energy metabolic pathway metabolism noncompetitive inhibitor order phosphorylated potential energy ribose second law of thermodynamics substrate thermal ...
Bio 6B Lecture Slides - R1
... electronegative ecarriers in 3 membrane-bound complexes. v NADH starts at high energy level, FADH2 slightly lower. v O2 is the final eacceptor. ...
... electronegative ecarriers in 3 membrane-bound complexes. v NADH starts at high energy level, FADH2 slightly lower. v O2 is the final eacceptor. ...
Other High Energy Compounds
... Degradation of one mole of glucose to pyruvate is accompanied by formation of 2 ATP whereas biosynthesis of glucose from pyruvate requires an input of total 6- high energy phosphate bond (4 ATP + 2GTP). i.e Both pathways vary in their energetics Both are independently regulated in the cell , while ...
... Degradation of one mole of glucose to pyruvate is accompanied by formation of 2 ATP whereas biosynthesis of glucose from pyruvate requires an input of total 6- high energy phosphate bond (4 ATP + 2GTP). i.e Both pathways vary in their energetics Both are independently regulated in the cell , while ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.