Use of Reduced Carbon Compounds
... Calvin-Benson Cycle (“Dark Reactions” of Photosynthesis) --- while many autotrophic prokaryotes use the Calvin cycle it is not the only option as is the case among the eukaryotes ...
... Calvin-Benson Cycle (“Dark Reactions” of Photosynthesis) --- while many autotrophic prokaryotes use the Calvin cycle it is not the only option as is the case among the eukaryotes ...
Where is energy stored in biomolecules like sugars, carbs, lipids, etc.
... Describe what the electron transport chain is and where it is located in the mitochondria. ...
... Describe what the electron transport chain is and where it is located in the mitochondria. ...
Nutrition and Metabolism (Chap 4)
... Reducing power (NADH and FADH2) is used to generate a proton gradient (proton motive force) NADH - FADH2 are oxidized – electron transport carrier proteins are reduced and in the process H+ are moved across the plasma membrane (prokaryotes) or inner mitochondrial membrane (eukaryotes). This resu ...
... Reducing power (NADH and FADH2) is used to generate a proton gradient (proton motive force) NADH - FADH2 are oxidized – electron transport carrier proteins are reduced and in the process H+ are moved across the plasma membrane (prokaryotes) or inner mitochondrial membrane (eukaryotes). This resu ...
Microbial Metabolism
... • Reducing power (NADH and FADH2) is used to generate a proton gradient (proton motive force) • NADH - FADH2 are oxidized – electron transport carrier proteins are reduced and in the process H+ are moved across the plasma membrane (prokaryotes) or inner mitochondrial membrane (eukaryotes). This resu ...
... • Reducing power (NADH and FADH2) is used to generate a proton gradient (proton motive force) • NADH - FADH2 are oxidized – electron transport carrier proteins are reduced and in the process H+ are moved across the plasma membrane (prokaryotes) or inner mitochondrial membrane (eukaryotes). This resu ...
Biochem01 - Amit Kessel Ph.D
... for the individual pathway reactions. c) The negative sign of ∆G shows that this pathway will proceed toward product (pyruvate) under normal cellular conditions. d) All of the above 18. There are four enzymes that can catalyze the first step of glycolysis. They are hexokinases I, II and III and gluc ...
... for the individual pathway reactions. c) The negative sign of ∆G shows that this pathway will proceed toward product (pyruvate) under normal cellular conditions. d) All of the above 18. There are four enzymes that can catalyze the first step of glycolysis. They are hexokinases I, II and III and gluc ...
Cellular Respiration notes
... inner & outer mitochondrial membrane occurs • H+ concentration gradient causes the synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis • Energized e- & H+ from the 10 NADH2 and 2 FADH2 (produced during glycolysis & Krebs cycle) are transferred to O2 to produce H2O ...
... inner & outer mitochondrial membrane occurs • H+ concentration gradient causes the synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis • Energized e- & H+ from the 10 NADH2 and 2 FADH2 (produced during glycolysis & Krebs cycle) are transferred to O2 to produce H2O ...
Archaea
... • 26 genera, largest group of cultured archaea – differ in morphology – 16S rRNA – cell walls ...
... • 26 genera, largest group of cultured archaea – differ in morphology – 16S rRNA – cell walls ...
DOC
... FAD is Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide. It is an electron carrier like NADH. FADH2 is the reduced form that carries the electrons and protons. Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis occur in the mitochondria. The electrons are passed through the electron transport chain, a series of enzymes that transport ...
... FAD is Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide. It is an electron carrier like NADH. FADH2 is the reduced form that carries the electrons and protons. Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis occur in the mitochondria. The electrons are passed through the electron transport chain, a series of enzymes that transport ...
Coomes CELLULAR RESPIRATION: PRACTICE QUESTIONS PRE
... 5. During cellular respiration, NADH A) is converted to NAD+ by an enzyme called dehydrogenase. B) is chemically converted into ATP. C) is reduced to form NAD +. D) delivers its electron load to the first electron carrier molecule. E) None of the choices are correct. ...
... 5. During cellular respiration, NADH A) is converted to NAD+ by an enzyme called dehydrogenase. B) is chemically converted into ATP. C) is reduced to form NAD +. D) delivers its electron load to the first electron carrier molecule. E) None of the choices are correct. ...
Chapter 10 Notes
... – osteoblasts build it back up • Osteoclasts function by secreting acid into the space between the osteoclast membrane and the bone surface - acid dissolves the Ca-phosphate matrix of the bone • An ATP-driven proton pump in the membrane does this! ...
... – osteoblasts build it back up • Osteoclasts function by secreting acid into the space between the osteoclast membrane and the bone surface - acid dissolves the Ca-phosphate matrix of the bone • An ATP-driven proton pump in the membrane does this! ...
Krebs Intro and CycleON
... reduced as it accepts the electron and bonds with H+ to form water. Without oxygen, the electron transport chain shuts down and the Kreb’s cycle shuts down causing fermentation to take over. ...
... reduced as it accepts the electron and bonds with H+ to form water. Without oxygen, the electron transport chain shuts down and the Kreb’s cycle shuts down causing fermentation to take over. ...
October 17 AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science
... B) NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. C) NAD+ is reduced by the action of hydrogenases. D) NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation. E) In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis can still function. ...
... B) NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. C) NAD+ is reduced by the action of hydrogenases. D) NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation. E) In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis can still function. ...
CHEM 214 Elementary Biochemistry
... There are no make-up quizzes or exams. An hourly exam missed for a valid reason (first discussed with the instructor) will be replaced by the corresponding grade on the final (Final is then 65% of your total grade). The learning objectives for Chem 214 are the following: To gain an understanding of ...
... There are no make-up quizzes or exams. An hourly exam missed for a valid reason (first discussed with the instructor) will be replaced by the corresponding grade on the final (Final is then 65% of your total grade). The learning objectives for Chem 214 are the following: To gain an understanding of ...
PPT
... in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen (O2). • Anaerobic respiration: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is not O2 (rather an inorgainc molecules containing sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, carbonate, etc..). • Yields less energy than aerobic respiration because only ...
... in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen (O2). • Anaerobic respiration: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is not O2 (rather an inorgainc molecules containing sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, carbonate, etc..). • Yields less energy than aerobic respiration because only ...
Remember Question words
... conserve = if mass is conserved it means that the mass is always the same or does not change Law of Conservation of Mass = no detectable gain or loss in mass occurs in chemical reactions. However, the state of a substance may change in a chemical reaction. For example, substances in a chemical react ...
... conserve = if mass is conserved it means that the mass is always the same or does not change Law of Conservation of Mass = no detectable gain or loss in mass occurs in chemical reactions. However, the state of a substance may change in a chemical reaction. For example, substances in a chemical react ...
Mitochondria Biogenesis
... ATP Synthase is a reversible coupling device: It interconverts the energies of the electrochemical proton gradient and ...
... ATP Synthase is a reversible coupling device: It interconverts the energies of the electrochemical proton gradient and ...
Cellular Respiration
... tube). This reaction occurred very quickly. – A cell cannot use heat to do cellular work, not to mention the fact that this large increase in temp would be dangerous! ...
... tube). This reaction occurred very quickly. – A cell cannot use heat to do cellular work, not to mention the fact that this large increase in temp would be dangerous! ...
Cellular Respiration
... Cellular Respiration Redox rxns = oxidation-reduction rxns • Transfer of electrons (e-) releases energy stored in organic molecules this energy is ultimately used to generate ATP • Oxidation = loss of e- from one substance • Reduction = addition of e- to another substance ...
... Cellular Respiration Redox rxns = oxidation-reduction rxns • Transfer of electrons (e-) releases energy stored in organic molecules this energy is ultimately used to generate ATP • Oxidation = loss of e- from one substance • Reduction = addition of e- to another substance ...
Chap 9 PowerPoint file (*)
... from molecule to molecule until they combine with oxygen and hydrogen ions to form water. • As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is stored in the mitochondrion in a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. • Oxidative phosphorylation ...
... from molecule to molecule until they combine with oxygen and hydrogen ions to form water. • As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is stored in the mitochondrion in a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. • Oxidative phosphorylation ...
Chapter 6 Answers Energy and Life Visual Understanding Figure
... Although the pH of your saliva is only very slightly acidic, about pH 6, the pH in your stomach is very low, about 1 to 2. However, as food passes from the stomach into the upper portion of the small intestine, chemicals are added that rapidly raise the pH to about 6, and then, over time, to about 7 ...
... Although the pH of your saliva is only very slightly acidic, about pH 6, the pH in your stomach is very low, about 1 to 2. However, as food passes from the stomach into the upper portion of the small intestine, chemicals are added that rapidly raise the pH to about 6, and then, over time, to about 7 ...
2106lecture 11a powerpoint
... Vital to this process is the presence of coenzymes which act as hydrogen acceptors until the process of oxidative phosphorylation results in the formation of ATP Ultimately hydrogen combines with O2 to form water and the coenzymes are freed to accept more hydrogen so as to continue the process ...
... Vital to this process is the presence of coenzymes which act as hydrogen acceptors until the process of oxidative phosphorylation results in the formation of ATP Ultimately hydrogen combines with O2 to form water and the coenzymes are freed to accept more hydrogen so as to continue the process ...
Intermediary Metabolism - PBL-J-2015
... Firstly, metabolism is the process whereby food molecules are broken down to provide energy and building blocks. The energy is ‘made’ in basic terms by two steps; the oxidation of these food molecules; and the synthesis of ATP which is the most common form of energy within the body. An oxidation rea ...
... Firstly, metabolism is the process whereby food molecules are broken down to provide energy and building blocks. The energy is ‘made’ in basic terms by two steps; the oxidation of these food molecules; and the synthesis of ATP which is the most common form of energy within the body. An oxidation rea ...
Station #1: Chemistry
... 1. Match the following words with the proper definition: a. The amount of energy that is needed for a chemical reaction to start. b. When a reaction takes place at an equal rate in both directions. d. A chemical reaction the releases more energy than it absorbs. e. Increases a reaction by lowering t ...
... 1. Match the following words with the proper definition: a. The amount of energy that is needed for a chemical reaction to start. b. When a reaction takes place at an equal rate in both directions. d. A chemical reaction the releases more energy than it absorbs. e. Increases a reaction by lowering t ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.