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Review Sheet for Test on Cellular Respiration
Answer each of these questions and make sure you actually know and understand the
answers, and you will be very well prepared for the test on cellular respiration on Friday,
2/25/11.
Sunlight Power Life; Food Stores Chemical Energy, pp. 136 - 141
1. What is an autotroph?
2. What two reactants does the process of photosynthesis convert to sugar?
3. What is a producer? Name three kinds.
4. What are heterotrophs? Why do they rely on the sun for their lives even though
they cannot photosynthesize?
5. What is adenosine triphosphate? Draw the molecule.
6. What are the four chemicals that are exchanged over and over again in the cycles
of photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Draw a diagram that summarizes the
relationship between the two processes and label it with these four chemicals, in
addition to the light energy required and the chemical energy stored in ATP which
is released.
7. Define energy in terms of work.
8. What is work? Give an example of work your body does.
9. What are the two basic forms of energy? Give an example of each, so it is clear
that you know the difference.
10. What is the root of the word “kinetic”?”
11. What is another term for the “random molecular motion” of molecules as they
collide into one another again and again?
12. When you use energy to do work, can you get it back?
13. Based upon your answers to questions #7 - 12, why must organisms eat or die?
14. What is chemical energy?
15. Give three organic molecules that are rich in stored chemical energy.
16. Where is chemical energy stored in a molecule?
17. Draw a diagram that shows the molecules in #16 and their building blocks.
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18. Which building blocks are then channeled to the process of cellular respiration
where their chemical energy is converted to ATP?
19. How is a cell similar to an engine?
20. How is a cell different from an engine?
21. Compare the efficiency of a cell to an engine. Which is more efficient? By how
much?
22. What happens to the chemical energy that is not used for work? Where does it
go?
23. How much heat do you radiate from your body? Where does this come from?
24. Define calorie.
25. Define kilocalorie
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ATP Provides Energy for Cellular Work; Electrons Fall from Food to Oxygen
During Cellular Respiration, pp. 143 - 147
1. What does aerobic mean?
2. What does the process of breathing accomplish in your body? Which two gases
are exchanged?
3. Where does the gas exchange occur in your body?
4. Write the overall equation for photosynthesis and be sure it is balanced. Also
include the number of ATP molecules produced, assuming that it is aerobic
respiration.
5. What is the result when an electron falls closer toward the nucleus?
6. Why is oxygen called an “electron grabber?”
7. Compared to carbon and hydrogen, how strong is the pull of oxygen for
electrons?
8. Look up electronegativity and define it. You’ll need this concept for chemistry
next year.
9. Instead of releasing energy in heat and light like combustion does, what is the
way that cellular respiration releases heat?
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10. How is the electron transport chain in cellular respiration different from the
electron transport chain in photosynthesis?
11. What is waiting to catch the fallen electrons at the end of the ETC in cellular
respiration?
12. What is the fate of those fallen electrons? Where do they finally end up?
Cellular Respiration Converts Energy in Food to Energy in ATP, 148 - 152
1. Do prokaryotes have mitochondria?
2. In what type of cells are mitochondria found?
3. What is the evolutionary history of mitochondria? Look up the endosymbiotic
hypothesis.
4. How many membranes are there in a mitochondrion?
5. What is the name of the fluid enclosed by the highly folded inner membrane?
6. Why is the inner membrane of the mitochondrion folded so much?
7. What is embedded in this folded inner membrane?
8. What is the metabolism of a cell? What is the metabolism of an organism?
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9. Why is cellular respiration referred to as a metabolic pathway?
10. What is the function of each of the enzymes that along this metabolic pathway?
11. Draw out the diagram on p. 148 of your textbook and label each of the following
components: glycolysis, glucose, pyruvic acid, NADH, cytoplasm, carbon
dioxide, mitochondrion, Krebs cycle, ATP, ETC, ATP synthase action.
12. Draw out the diagram on p. 162 of your textbook and label each of the following
components: light, water, oxygen, chloroplast, ATP, NADPH, NADP+, ADP, P,
carbon dioxide, Calvin cycle, sugar (in the form of glucose).
13. Now, explain what is 1) similar and 2) different between the two diagrams in #11
and #12 and explain how the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis
use similar setups and similar metabolic pathways, but are fundamentally
different in function and overall outcome. You can imagine that this might be a
short answer or essay question, I hope.
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14. Where does glycolysis take place?
15. Does glycolysis require oxygen to occur?
16. What does “glycolysis” literally mean?
17. How many carbon atoms does one glucose molecule have?
18. How much energy does it take to break one glucose molecule in half?
19. What is the result of this splitting of glucose, and what functional group is added
to each product in the process?
20. To what carrier molecule does each three-carbon molecule transfer its electrons
and hydrogen ions?
21. What is the resulting molecule from the process in #20?
22. What are the yellow dots in the diagram on p. 149 representing?
23. How many ATP molecules are produced from the process of producing two
pyruvic acid molecules?
24. What is the net production of ATP through glycolysis?
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25. Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
26. After each pyruvic acid molecule diffuses into the mitochondrion, how many
carbon atoms does it lose?
27. Into what is this two-carbon molecule converted?
28. Where does the answer to #27 go?
29. From each acetyl CoA molecule, what is produced?
30. What two energy-carrying molecules take electrons and hydrogen ions away from
the Krebs cycle to the ETC in the mitochondrial membrane?
31. Where do NADH and FADH2 go next?
32. What happens as the electrons from these two energy-carrying molecules fall
down the ETC?
33. What is the next step that generates the final large amount of ATP?
34. How many ATP molecules are generated from one glucose molecule in
glycolysis?
35. How many ATP molecules are generated from one glucose molecule in the Krebs
cycle?
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36. How many ATP molecules are generated from one glucose molecule by ATP
synthase following the ETC?
37. What is the total amount of ATP generated from one glucose molecule through
aerobic respiration?
Some Cells Can Harvest Energy Without Oxygen, pp. 153 - 155
1. When you sprint, in addition to the aerobic respiration your body undergoes, what
other kind of respiration do your muscle cells also use?
2. How are your muscle cells similar to yeast cells?
3. How are your muscle cells different from yeast cells?
4. What is another name for anaerobic respiration?
5. Does glycolysis use oxygen?
6. Does fermentation use oxygen?
7. Draw the diagram of the process of fermentation on p. 153 of the textbook and
label the following components: glycolysis, ATP, ADP, P, NAD+, NADH,
pyruvic acid, and lactic acid.
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8. What is the waste product of fermentation in muscle cells?
9. What are the two waste products of fermentation in yeast cells?
10. Give two examples of ways that humans have harnessed the ability of yeast to
undergo fermentation.
11. How are some fungi and bacteria similar to human muscle cells?
12. Why do cheese and yogurt taste the way they do?
13. What is the common name for bacteria that die in the presence of oxygen and get
all of their ATP through the process of fermentation?
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