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EOC Review: Metabolism
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Metabolism: Think Energy! The sum of all chemical reactions in the cell/organism.
ATP: (adenosine triphosphate) the energy currency (fuel) for cells.
Sun (Solar): the energy source for all life on Earth.
Photosynthesis:
Photo: Light
Synthesis: Putting Together
Light energy is converted to chemical energy in the cell.
The plant cell uses chemical energy to create biomolecules/biopolymers
(Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, and Lipids/Fats).
Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis in the cell
(collects the light energy).
Chlorophyll: Principal pigment of the cell (green).
Reactants: Carbon Dioxide, Water, and Light
Products: Glucose and Oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Cellular Respiration:
Biomolecules/Biopolymers (food) are converted to chemical energy (ATP).
Mitochondria: Site of cellular respiration (Converts glucose to ATP).
Enzymes: Assists in putting together the substrates (reactants) to create the products.
Reactants: Oxygen, Glucose, and Enzymes
Product: Carbon Dioxide, Water, and Energy
Cellular Respiration starts in the cytoplasm. During glycolysis, 2 ATP are produced. Once Cellular Respiration enters the
mitochondria, two additional ATP are produced in the Kreb Cycle and 34 ATP in the Electron Transport Chain.
6O + C H O
2
6
12
6
ENZYME 6CO + 6H O + (ATP) energy
Fermentation: If cellular respiration continues in the
absence of oxygen, fermentation occurs.
Alcoholic Fermentation: Plant cells produce alcohol.
Lactic Acid Fermentation: Animal cells produce lactic
acid, causing muscle soreness.
2
2