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STUDY GUIDE –Intro to Cell Biology
... Light-dependent reactions: Light is absorbed by photosystem 2. Photons excite electrons in the reaction center which then are charged and kicked up to the electron transport chain. These energized electrons move through the ETC, as they do H+ pumps into the thylakoid membrane AGAINST the gradient ( ...
... Light-dependent reactions: Light is absorbed by photosystem 2. Photons excite electrons in the reaction center which then are charged and kicked up to the electron transport chain. These energized electrons move through the ETC, as they do H+ pumps into the thylakoid membrane AGAINST the gradient ( ...
Outline06 Metabolism - Napa Valley College
... Aerobic metabolism - pyruvate goes to Transition Step and Citric Acid Cycle in the mitochondria - NADH donates electrons to the Electron Transport Chain yield: 2 ATP + 2 NADH per glucose product (intermediate): 2 pyruvate Anaerobic metabolism - pyruvate converted to lactate via the lactic acid pathw ...
... Aerobic metabolism - pyruvate goes to Transition Step and Citric Acid Cycle in the mitochondria - NADH donates electrons to the Electron Transport Chain yield: 2 ATP + 2 NADH per glucose product (intermediate): 2 pyruvate Anaerobic metabolism - pyruvate converted to lactate via the lactic acid pathw ...
Cellular Respiration (Making ATP from food)
... pyruvate which go from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix. Together two pyruvate molecules produce: 2 ATP, 2 CO2 and then two types of electron carriers: NADH and FADH2 ...
... pyruvate which go from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix. Together two pyruvate molecules produce: 2 ATP, 2 CO2 and then two types of electron carriers: NADH and FADH2 ...
Passive and active transport
... 3- The active transport system depends on the conc of substance being transported. e.g: when glucose is actively transported into a cell, the rate of glucose influx increases with the external conc of glucose. However, a characteristic plateaue is soon reached, so that any further increase in the ex ...
... 3- The active transport system depends on the conc of substance being transported. e.g: when glucose is actively transported into a cell, the rate of glucose influx increases with the external conc of glucose. However, a characteristic plateaue is soon reached, so that any further increase in the ex ...
Exercise and Respiration Paloma
... produces ATP for short periods of time (2 minutes), lactate is produced and H+ ions accumulate preventing the exercise ...
... produces ATP for short periods of time (2 minutes), lactate is produced and H+ ions accumulate preventing the exercise ...
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly • It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 int ...
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly • It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 int ...
Key Terms:
... How is respiration commonly regulated? Why might a cell want to slow down respiration? Lecture Outline: Anaerobic Metabolism recall that in glycolysis no oxygen required 2 ATP generated (net) per glucose but there's an NAD+/NADH problem! continuous running of glycolysis will use up all of your NAD ...
... How is respiration commonly regulated? Why might a cell want to slow down respiration? Lecture Outline: Anaerobic Metabolism recall that in glycolysis no oxygen required 2 ATP generated (net) per glucose but there's an NAD+/NADH problem! continuous running of glycolysis will use up all of your NAD ...
CH: 7 - PBworks
... 2. Identify the three stages of cellular respiration, where in the cell each takes place, and how many ATP molecules it produces. 3. Summarize the use and production of ATP in one cycle of cellular respiration. ...
... 2. Identify the three stages of cellular respiration, where in the cell each takes place, and how many ATP molecules it produces. 3. Summarize the use and production of ATP in one cycle of cellular respiration. ...
Pyruvate and Energetics of Glycolysis
... 1. The conversion of pyruvate to ethanol also causes the ________. A) oxidation of NADH B) production of ADP C) consumption of O2 D) generation of an ion gradient across mitochondrial membranes 2. The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate is ________. A) lactate reductase ...
... 1. The conversion of pyruvate to ethanol also causes the ________. A) oxidation of NADH B) production of ADP C) consumption of O2 D) generation of an ion gradient across mitochondrial membranes 2. The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate is ________. A) lactate reductase ...
Enzymes
... Some of the earliest studies were performed in 1835 by the Swedish chemist Jon Jakob Berzelius who termed their chemical action catalytic It was not until 1926, however, that the first enzyme was obtained in pure form, a feat accomplished by James B. Sumner of Cornell University Sumner was able to i ...
... Some of the earliest studies were performed in 1835 by the Swedish chemist Jon Jakob Berzelius who termed their chemical action catalytic It was not until 1926, however, that the first enzyme was obtained in pure form, a feat accomplished by James B. Sumner of Cornell University Sumner was able to i ...
One Up
... • ATP stored in small amounts until needed • Breakdown of ATP to release energy – ATP + water + ATPase ADP + Pi + energy – ADP: lower‐energy compound, less useful ...
... • ATP stored in small amounts until needed • Breakdown of ATP to release energy – ATP + water + ATPase ADP + Pi + energy – ADP: lower‐energy compound, less useful ...
biology exam review - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... b) Electrons end up being captured by the electron carrier NADPH. c) They are accepted directly by ATP. d) They were last seen at the tables in Vegas. 42. How are the electrons lost from photosystem II replaced? a) They come from photosystem I. b) They come directly from energetic photons. c) They d ...
... b) Electrons end up being captured by the electron carrier NADPH. c) They are accepted directly by ATP. d) They were last seen at the tables in Vegas. 42. How are the electrons lost from photosystem II replaced? a) They come from photosystem I. b) They come directly from energetic photons. c) They d ...
ALACTATE TRAINING: Does it Really Exist?
... • ATP stored in small amounts until needed • Breakdown of ATP to release energy – ATP + water + ATPase ADP + Pi + energy – ADP: lower‐energy compound, less useful ...
... • ATP stored in small amounts until needed • Breakdown of ATP to release energy – ATP + water + ATPase ADP + Pi + energy – ADP: lower‐energy compound, less useful ...
Metabolism of Glucose C6H12O6+6O2 1 unit of Glucose 38 ATP
... In exercise, first you burn off muscle glycogen, then liver glycogen, then lipid. If you only exercise In Diabetes, the cells cannot use glucose for energy. Only lipids. It depends on lipids, but the the Fatty Acids produce much more acetyl-CoA that kreb cycle cannot handle. This results in an accu ...
... In exercise, first you burn off muscle glycogen, then liver glycogen, then lipid. If you only exercise In Diabetes, the cells cannot use glucose for energy. Only lipids. It depends on lipids, but the the Fatty Acids produce much more acetyl-CoA that kreb cycle cannot handle. This results in an accu ...
File
... C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6 H2O (chemical equation) Starts with Glycolysis: (“splitting of sugar”) a. Breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate b. Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell c. Anaerobic- does not require Glucose oxygen d. Makes 2ATP e. Not very effective at making energy ...
... C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6 H2O (chemical equation) Starts with Glycolysis: (“splitting of sugar”) a. Breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate b. Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell c. Anaerobic- does not require Glucose oxygen d. Makes 2ATP e. Not very effective at making energy ...
CHEMISTRY: MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW SPRING 2013 Multiple
... ____ 26. Emission of light from an atom occurs when an electron ____. a. falls into the nucleus b. moves within its atomic orbital c. jumps from a lower to a higher energy level d. drops from a higher to a lower energy level ____ 27. What must be done to be certain that a chemical change has taken ...
... ____ 26. Emission of light from an atom occurs when an electron ____. a. falls into the nucleus b. moves within its atomic orbital c. jumps from a lower to a higher energy level d. drops from a higher to a lower energy level ____ 27. What must be done to be certain that a chemical change has taken ...
Chapter 3
... levels, an electron can have. For each energy level, the Schordinger’s equation also leads to a mathematical expression called an atomic orbital which describes the probability of finding an electron at various locations around the nucleus of. An atomic orbitals is represented pictorially as a regio ...
... levels, an electron can have. For each energy level, the Schordinger’s equation also leads to a mathematical expression called an atomic orbital which describes the probability of finding an electron at various locations around the nucleus of. An atomic orbitals is represented pictorially as a regio ...
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
... Today I will… 1. Describe the process of glycolysis. 2. State the reactants and products of glycolysis. ...
... Today I will… 1. Describe the process of glycolysis. 2. State the reactants and products of glycolysis. ...
February 5 AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science
... Unlike in cellular respiration, the proton motive force generated by the light reactions in photosynthesis happens in three ways… Can you remember the three ...
... Unlike in cellular respiration, the proton motive force generated by the light reactions in photosynthesis happens in three ways… Can you remember the three ...
Notes on chemistry of life
... • Why? Our cells produce a lot of this when they are carryout regular cellular function as a waste product so we have to get rid of it ...
... • Why? Our cells produce a lot of this when they are carryout regular cellular function as a waste product so we have to get rid of it ...
mid-term-exam-versio..
... 104. _____ In the light-independent reactions the first stable compound, PGA, reacts with NADPH to produce PGAL, which is converted to glucose, and RuBP is restored with a series of reactions involving ATP and NADPH. 105. _____ Photorespiration occurs when the stomata of the leaf are closed and ther ...
... 104. _____ In the light-independent reactions the first stable compound, PGA, reacts with NADPH to produce PGAL, which is converted to glucose, and RuBP is restored with a series of reactions involving ATP and NADPH. 105. _____ Photorespiration occurs when the stomata of the leaf are closed and ther ...
File - myrnafoxsciencespot
... - fuel molecules are oxidized to form CO2. - O2 is reduced to form water. - intermediate electron acceptors used to transfer electrons (in an electron transport chain) before they are finally grabbed by O2. - NAD+ is the is the main electron acceptor molecule in the ETC. 2. Steps of cellular respira ...
... - fuel molecules are oxidized to form CO2. - O2 is reduced to form water. - intermediate electron acceptors used to transfer electrons (in an electron transport chain) before they are finally grabbed by O2. - NAD+ is the is the main electron acceptor molecule in the ETC. 2. Steps of cellular respira ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.