You Light Up My Life - Hawaii Community College
... with Glycolysis Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm Reactions are catalyzed by enzymes Glucose (six carbons) ...
... with Glycolysis Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm Reactions are catalyzed by enzymes Glucose (six carbons) ...
1495/Chapter 03
... chemiosmosis.) Figure 3.10 shows how electron transfer moves H+ ions. Recall that during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, ATP molecules are produced through substratelevel phosphorylation. In this process, the ADP molecule is phosphorylated. A phosphate group is moved from another substrate (like PEP ...
... chemiosmosis.) Figure 3.10 shows how electron transfer moves H+ ions. Recall that during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, ATP molecules are produced through substratelevel phosphorylation. In this process, the ADP molecule is phosphorylated. A phosphate group is moved from another substrate (like PEP ...
Enzymes Recap
... • The chemical structure is such that its successive oxida5on yields high energy electrons that can be harnessed to drive ATP synthesis in an energy efficient manner ...
... • The chemical structure is such that its successive oxida5on yields high energy electrons that can be harnessed to drive ATP synthesis in an energy efficient manner ...
Enzymes - myndrs.com
... D. Enzymes • Cells contain many different enzymes, each of which catalyzes a different reaction. • They cannot speed up reactions that would not normally occur on their own. • A given enzyme interacts with a set of reactants (called substrates) or occasionally with a few closely related ones. ...
... D. Enzymes • Cells contain many different enzymes, each of which catalyzes a different reaction. • They cannot speed up reactions that would not normally occur on their own. • A given enzyme interacts with a set of reactants (called substrates) or occasionally with a few closely related ones. ...
General Biology (BIO 10)
... Where does photosynthesis occur? In which cells? In which organelle? Parts of a chloroplast Reactants & products of photosynthesis (equation) Photons Photosystems I and II Chemiosmosis (know how it works & that it is important in photosynthesis & cellular resp.) Photorespiration C3, C4 and CAM photo ...
... Where does photosynthesis occur? In which cells? In which organelle? Parts of a chloroplast Reactants & products of photosynthesis (equation) Photons Photosystems I and II Chemiosmosis (know how it works & that it is important in photosynthesis & cellular resp.) Photorespiration C3, C4 and CAM photo ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... Fermentation is the breakdown of pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic) to make ATP. ...
... Fermentation is the breakdown of pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic) to make ATP. ...
2.277 December 2004 Final Exam
... 2. Peripheral membrane proteins behave like typical soluble proteins when released from the bilayer. 3. Peripheral membrane proteins are released from the membrane by treatment with aqueous salt solutions. 4. Peripheral membrane proteins can be released from membranes only by detergent treatment 5. ...
... 2. Peripheral membrane proteins behave like typical soluble proteins when released from the bilayer. 3. Peripheral membrane proteins are released from the membrane by treatment with aqueous salt solutions. 4. Peripheral membrane proteins can be released from membranes only by detergent treatment 5. ...
FALSE degradation also needs to be considered. A change in
... be converted to OAA which, in turn, can be reduced to malate which is transported across the mitochondrial membrane. In the cytosol, malate can be oxidized to OAA, releasing the reducing equivalent in the form of NADH. This NADH can then be utilized for GNG. b. Why is the Pentose Phosphate Pathway r ...
... be converted to OAA which, in turn, can be reduced to malate which is transported across the mitochondrial membrane. In the cytosol, malate can be oxidized to OAA, releasing the reducing equivalent in the form of NADH. This NADH can then be utilized for GNG. b. Why is the Pentose Phosphate Pathway r ...
Chapter 9 - Bulldogbiology.com
... 8. Describe how the carbon skeleton of glucose changes as it proceeds through glycolysis. 9. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis. 10. Identify where substrate-level phosphorylation and the reduction of NAD+ occur in glycolysis. 11. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized ...
... 8. Describe how the carbon skeleton of glucose changes as it proceeds through glycolysis. 9. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis. 10. Identify where substrate-level phosphorylation and the reduction of NAD+ occur in glycolysis. 11. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized ...
... Choice B: The standard free energy for the transfer of a 20 residue Gly peptide (Gly20) into a phospholipid bilayer is +60 kJ/M. The standard free energy for the transfer of the sidechain of Cysteine to a nonpolar environment is –3 kJ/mol. You add large amounts of phospholipid to a 1 mM solution of ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... There is a limit to how much our cells can withstand which limits how much anaerobic respiration the body can do. The accumulation of lactic acid in muscles cause stiffness, soreness, and fatigue. When exercise stops, lactate is converted back to pyruvate for aerobic respiration by the ...
... There is a limit to how much our cells can withstand which limits how much anaerobic respiration the body can do. The accumulation of lactic acid in muscles cause stiffness, soreness, and fatigue. When exercise stops, lactate is converted back to pyruvate for aerobic respiration by the ...
kines fo realz - CCVI
... without sacrificing the output, the body must tap into its anaerobic metabolism. This where the body goes into a mix of aerobic and anaerobic energy production. While not hugely detrimental, oxygen deficits can grow to a level that the anaerobic energy system cannot cover. This can cause performance ...
... without sacrificing the output, the body must tap into its anaerobic metabolism. This where the body goes into a mix of aerobic and anaerobic energy production. While not hugely detrimental, oxygen deficits can grow to a level that the anaerobic energy system cannot cover. This can cause performance ...
CH 2. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... of ATP along with carbon dioxide and water as by-products. Since the activation energy needed for the combustion of glucose is quite high, each step in cellular respiration is catalyzed by specific enzymes that lower the activation energies and allow the reactions to occur at a pace fast enough to m ...
... of ATP along with carbon dioxide and water as by-products. Since the activation energy needed for the combustion of glucose is quite high, each step in cellular respiration is catalyzed by specific enzymes that lower the activation energies and allow the reactions to occur at a pace fast enough to m ...
Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy (Cellular Respiration)
... 4. electron transport chain (cristae) & chemiosmosis (intermembrane space, cristae, mitochondrial matrix) ...
... 4. electron transport chain (cristae) & chemiosmosis (intermembrane space, cristae, mitochondrial matrix) ...
Chapter 4 - Cellular Metabolism 4.1 Introduction (p. 74) A. A living
... Polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are constructed via dehydration synthesis. a. The bond between two amino acids is a peptide bond; two bound amino acids form a dipeptide, while many joined form a polypeptide. C. Catabolism (p. 74) ...
... Polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are constructed via dehydration synthesis. a. The bond between two amino acids is a peptide bond; two bound amino acids form a dipeptide, while many joined form a polypeptide. C. Catabolism (p. 74) ...
Atoms in Combination: The Chemical Bond
... • When atoms come together, the electrons rearrange themselves to minimize the potential energy in the system. • This situation requires atoms to either exchange or share electrons. ...
... • When atoms come together, the electrons rearrange themselves to minimize the potential energy in the system. • This situation requires atoms to either exchange or share electrons. ...
Electron Transport Chain
... What is Cellular respiration and Anaerobic Fermentation and what are the differences between them. What are the four steps of aerobic cellular respiration, what happens in each step, what are the starting molecules, what comes out of each step, where in the cell does each step occur, how many AT ...
... What is Cellular respiration and Anaerobic Fermentation and what are the differences between them. What are the four steps of aerobic cellular respiration, what happens in each step, what are the starting molecules, what comes out of each step, where in the cell does each step occur, how many AT ...
Slide 1
... • Cellular Respiration is the process of breaking down glucose molecules through a series of steps to release energy. – This produces ATP. – Occurs in the mitochondria ...
... • Cellular Respiration is the process of breaking down glucose molecules through a series of steps to release energy. – This produces ATP. – Occurs in the mitochondria ...
Metabolism III
... direction of biosynthesis – done by coupling breakdown of ATP to certain reactions in biosynthetic pathways – drives the biosynthetic reaction to completion ...
... direction of biosynthesis – done by coupling breakdown of ATP to certain reactions in biosynthetic pathways – drives the biosynthetic reaction to completion ...
chemistry i
... decreases. The equation E = hν means that as frequency increases, energy increases. Using this information and the reference tables, which color of visible light has the least energy? A. Red b. Yellow c. Green d. Violet 38. If an electron drops from n=6 to n=2, what type of electromagnetic radiation ...
... decreases. The equation E = hν means that as frequency increases, energy increases. Using this information and the reference tables, which color of visible light has the least energy? A. Red b. Yellow c. Green d. Violet 38. If an electron drops from n=6 to n=2, what type of electromagnetic radiation ...
Cellular Respiration
... into the cycle to combine with another Acetyl CoA - **Remember the cycle occurs twice! (once for each Acetyl CoA molecule) ** Produces some chemical energy in the form of ATP but most of the chemical energy is in the form of NADH and FADH2 which then go on to the Electron Transport Chain. ...
... into the cycle to combine with another Acetyl CoA - **Remember the cycle occurs twice! (once for each Acetyl CoA molecule) ** Produces some chemical energy in the form of ATP but most of the chemical energy is in the form of NADH and FADH2 which then go on to the Electron Transport Chain. ...
here
... Write your name, the date you turn it in (honor system) and the period of your class at the top. Each day late is penalized 10 pts. If you are out of school, it can be submitted via e-mail. ...
... Write your name, the date you turn it in (honor system) and the period of your class at the top. Each day late is penalized 10 pts. If you are out of school, it can be submitted via e-mail. ...
MCB Lecture 7 – Peroxisomes
... o ER and pre-existing peroxisomes Where are the enzymes synthesized (that peroxisomes use)? o Free Ribosomes What type of reactions do they mainly carry out? o Oxidative Reactions What do they generate during Oxidative Reactions? o H2O2 What is the significance of catalase in the peroxisome? o To ac ...
... o ER and pre-existing peroxisomes Where are the enzymes synthesized (that peroxisomes use)? o Free Ribosomes What type of reactions do they mainly carry out? o Oxidative Reactions What do they generate during Oxidative Reactions? o H2O2 What is the significance of catalase in the peroxisome? o To ac ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.