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PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX
... Any of the above is missing, nowhere in the body glucose can be broken down aerobically, only 2 ATP is produced instead of 36-38 ATP. Everywhere always lactic acid is the endproduct of glycolysis causing lactic acidosis, a kind of metabolic acidosis (blood pH decreases). Serious developmental irreve ...
... Any of the above is missing, nowhere in the body glucose can be broken down aerobically, only 2 ATP is produced instead of 36-38 ATP. Everywhere always lactic acid is the endproduct of glycolysis causing lactic acidosis, a kind of metabolic acidosis (blood pH decreases). Serious developmental irreve ...
toxic oxygen - Hatzalah of Miami-Dade
... Post-ischemic Reperfusion Injury This phenomenon is the cause of much of the damage that results from strokes. It also provides a good example of the integration of material you have/will learn in medical school Here are the parts of the story that we need: None of it should be new to you. ...
... Post-ischemic Reperfusion Injury This phenomenon is the cause of much of the damage that results from strokes. It also provides a good example of the integration of material you have/will learn in medical school Here are the parts of the story that we need: None of it should be new to you. ...
k - upatras eclass - Πανεπιστήμιο Πατρών
... • Metabolism, including taking in raw materials, building cell components, converting energy, molecules and releasing by-products. The functioning of a cell depends upon its ability to extract and use chemical energy stored in organic molecules. This energy is released and then used in metabolic pat ...
... • Metabolism, including taking in raw materials, building cell components, converting energy, molecules and releasing by-products. The functioning of a cell depends upon its ability to extract and use chemical energy stored in organic molecules. This energy is released and then used in metabolic pat ...
Document
... i. Kinetic-molecular theory of matter applies to all states of matter. c. Molecules/ substances move along their concentration gradient (from higher to lower) d. Only very small, hydrophobic molecules cross the membrane by simple diffusion. 2. Facilitated diffusion a. Hydrophilic substances are tran ...
... i. Kinetic-molecular theory of matter applies to all states of matter. c. Molecules/ substances move along their concentration gradient (from higher to lower) d. Only very small, hydrophobic molecules cross the membrane by simple diffusion. 2. Facilitated diffusion a. Hydrophilic substances are tran ...
Lecture 023--Photosynthesis 2 (Dark Reactions)
... Making energy & organic molecules from light energy ...
... Making energy & organic molecules from light energy ...
Cellular Respiration Notes
... molecules are converted to CO2, and two more ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose. First, each 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecule has a CO2 broken off and the other two carbons are transferred to a molecule called acetyl coenzyme A, while a molecule of NADH is formed from NAD+ for each pyr ...
... molecules are converted to CO2, and two more ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose. First, each 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecule has a CO2 broken off and the other two carbons are transferred to a molecule called acetyl coenzyme A, while a molecule of NADH is formed from NAD+ for each pyr ...
10-3 Getting Energy to Make ATP
... i. Occurs when no oxygen is present ii. Not very efficient---only produces 2 ATP molecules from one glucose iii. There are different types of anaerobic respiration ...
... i. Occurs when no oxygen is present ii. Not very efficient---only produces 2 ATP molecules from one glucose iii. There are different types of anaerobic respiration ...
Macromolecules, Chemical Reactions & Enzymes
... 2) Some insects can stand on water because water has a high _________. ...
... 2) Some insects can stand on water because water has a high _________. ...
Sunday School Jeopardy - Chapman @ Norquay School
... Endocytosis is an example of _______ transport, meaning it requires energy. When the cell takes in solid particles, it is called __________. When it takes in liquid, it is called _____________. ...
... Endocytosis is an example of _______ transport, meaning it requires energy. When the cell takes in solid particles, it is called __________. When it takes in liquid, it is called _____________. ...
CHEM1411,chapter 1-2-3 exercises 1. In 1828, the diameter of the
... 19. Calculate the percent composition by mass of carbon in Na2CO3. 20. Commonly used gases in the laboratory are generally obtained from pressurized metal gas cylinders, but for small amounts of occasionally used gases, it is sometimes easier just to prepare them chemically as needed. For example, n ...
... 19. Calculate the percent composition by mass of carbon in Na2CO3. 20. Commonly used gases in the laboratory are generally obtained from pressurized metal gas cylinders, but for small amounts of occasionally used gases, it is sometimes easier just to prepare them chemically as needed. For example, n ...
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OF LIFE
... • Most compounds in organisms covalent bonds. • A molecule is a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds. Ex. H2O ** The electrons travel in the orbitals of both atoms involved. ...
... • Most compounds in organisms covalent bonds. • A molecule is a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds. Ex. H2O ** The electrons travel in the orbitals of both atoms involved. ...
Spring 2016 Practice Final Exam w/ solution
... g. A recently discovered bacterium carries out ATP synthesis coupled to the flow of electrons through a chain of carriers to some electron acceptor. The components of its electron transfer chain differ from those found in mitochondria; they are listed below with their standard reduction potentials. ...
... g. A recently discovered bacterium carries out ATP synthesis coupled to the flow of electrons through a chain of carriers to some electron acceptor. The components of its electron transfer chain differ from those found in mitochondria; they are listed below with their standard reduction potentials. ...
Biochem Review
... 1. Explain the importance of shape to enzyme function. 2. Explain what determines the shape of an enzyme. ...
... 1. Explain the importance of shape to enzyme function. 2. Explain what determines the shape of an enzyme. ...
Lecture 023--Photosynthesis 2 (Dark Reactions)
... Making energy & organic molecules from light energy ...
... Making energy & organic molecules from light energy ...
ATP
... • Acetyl CoA carries acetyl groups, 2carbon remnants of the nutrients • Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle – Electrons and hydrogen atoms are harvested – Acetyl group is oxidized to produce CO2 – Electrons and hydrogen atoms harvested are used to produce ATP during oxidative phosphorylation ...
... • Acetyl CoA carries acetyl groups, 2carbon remnants of the nutrients • Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle – Electrons and hydrogen atoms are harvested – Acetyl group is oxidized to produce CO2 – Electrons and hydrogen atoms harvested are used to produce ATP during oxidative phosphorylation ...
Aerobic Cellular Respiration class notes.notebook
... Aerobic Cellular Respiration class notes.notebook ...
... Aerobic Cellular Respiration class notes.notebook ...
Biology Passage 2 - HCC Learning Web
... 1. Chemoheterotrophs derive energy from external sources of carbon This process is catabolic. The opposite is? anabolic 2. Stoichiometry of Aerobic Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 30ADP + 30P 6CO2 + 6H2O + 30ATP a. Coupled REDOX reaction What is the REDOX chemistry of glucose? Reduced glucose becomes ...
... 1. Chemoheterotrophs derive energy from external sources of carbon This process is catabolic. The opposite is? anabolic 2. Stoichiometry of Aerobic Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 30ADP + 30P 6CO2 + 6H2O + 30ATP a. Coupled REDOX reaction What is the REDOX chemistry of glucose? Reduced glucose becomes ...
ppt
... bond adjacent to serine in active site; catalytic reaction involves covalent join to serine. ...
... bond adjacent to serine in active site; catalytic reaction involves covalent join to serine. ...
Aerobic vs. Anaerobic respiration
... • When exercise too much or too quickly muscles use lactic acid fermentation. • Build up of acid causes muscles to burn. • Occurs in animals ...
... • When exercise too much or too quickly muscles use lactic acid fermentation. • Build up of acid causes muscles to burn. • Occurs in animals ...
1 - 嘉義大學
... (A) All enzymes of the cycle are located in the cytoplasm, except succinate dehydrogenase, which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. (B) In the presence of malonate, one would expect succinate to accumulate. (C) Oxaloacetate is used as a substrate but is not consumed in the cycle. (D) Succ ...
... (A) All enzymes of the cycle are located in the cytoplasm, except succinate dehydrogenase, which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. (B) In the presence of malonate, one would expect succinate to accumulate. (C) Oxaloacetate is used as a substrate but is not consumed in the cycle. (D) Succ ...
ATP
... •Food molecules are the $1000 dollar bills of energy storage •Food molecules function as fuel molecules, storing large quantities of energy in a stable form over long periods of time! They are the long-term energy currency of the cell. •For “pocket change”, cells require a molecule that stores much ...
... •Food molecules are the $1000 dollar bills of energy storage •Food molecules function as fuel molecules, storing large quantities of energy in a stable form over long periods of time! They are the long-term energy currency of the cell. •For “pocket change”, cells require a molecule that stores much ...
electron transport chain
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly • It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 int ...
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly • It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 int ...
L22 HH Cellular Respiration & ATP
... • Not stored! Rapid turnover of ATP molecules occurs continuously in a cell. • Remains quite constant as the same amount is made that is used up (~50g) • Cell conserves resources by only producing ATP when needed – it is another example of feedback ...
... • Not stored! Rapid turnover of ATP molecules occurs continuously in a cell. • Remains quite constant as the same amount is made that is used up (~50g) • Cell conserves resources by only producing ATP when needed – it is another example of feedback ...
electron transport chain
... • Without oxygen present, pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis becomes lactic acid • 1 mole of glycogen produces 3 moles of ATP; 1 mole of glucose produces 2 moles of ATP because 1 mole is used to convert glucose to glucose-6-phosphate • ATP-PCr and glycolysis provide the energy for ~2 min of ...
... • Without oxygen present, pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis becomes lactic acid • 1 mole of glycogen produces 3 moles of ATP; 1 mole of glucose produces 2 moles of ATP because 1 mole is used to convert glucose to glucose-6-phosphate • ATP-PCr and glycolysis provide the energy for ~2 min of ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.