Download Biochem Review

Biochem Review
Objective 4.1.1 - Compare the structure and function of each of the listed organic molecules in organisms:
- Carbohydrates (glucose, cellulose, starch, glycogen)
- Proteins (insulin, enzymes, hemoglobin)
- Lipids (phospholipids, steroids)
- Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
Macromolecules
Function
Subunits
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Specific Molecule
Starch
Function
Subunits
Cellulose
Insulin
Glycogen
Glucose
Enzymes
Hemoglobin
Fats
DNA
RNA
Describe the following nutrient tests:
Nutrient
Type of Test
Starch
Negative Test
Positive Test
Lipids
Monosaccharides
Protein
Objective 4.1.3 Develop a cause and effect model for the specificity of enzymes.
1. Explain the importance of shape to enzyme function.
2. Explain what determines the shape of an enzyme.
3. Explain why enzymes are specific.
4. Which substrate would fit into the enzyme in the picture above?
5. What do enzymes do to the rate of chemical reactions? How?
6. Look at the graph below and interpret it to determine which temperature range and pH range the enzyme works
best in:
Common characteristics of enzymes:
7. They usually end in - _____________
8. They are ___________ - they can be used over, and over again because they are not destroyed and their shape
does not change
9. They are ____________ - SHAPE MATTERS!!
10. What is the function of enzymes in biological systems? Why are they necessary for all biochemical reactions?
11. Explain why enzymes can be reused over and over again.
12. How do extreme pH and extreme temperature affect enzymes?
13. Explain the lock-and-key model of enzymes and substrates.
Practice Questions
1. What type of organic molecules are enzymes?
a. Lipids
b. Carbohydrates
c. Proteins
d. Nucleic Acids
2. What are the subunits of DNA and their function?
A. nucleotides that store information
B. monosaccharides that provide quick energy for the cell
C. lipids that store energy and provide insulation
D. proteins that provide the building blocks for the structural components of organisms
3. Which type of molecule do whales use for energy storage and insulation?
a. DNA
b. Glucose
c. Fat
d. Starch
4. Which most directly controls to rate at which food is broken down to release energy?
a. Enzymes
b. Hormones
c. Nucleic acids
d. Vitamins
5. An iodine solution is placed on the cut side of a potato. Within seconds, a blue-black color appears. What is most
likely occurring?
A. a positive test for proteins
B. a positive test for starches
C. a negative test for proteins
D. a negative test for starches. The chart describes four classes of compounds. Which class of
compounds includes the compound represented in the diagram below?
6.
The diagram below show the lock and key model for enzyme activity.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which is being demonstrated by this model?
An enzyme will only react with a specific substrate.
An enzyme will react with a wide range of substrates.
An enzyme becomes inactive after it reacts with a substrate.
An enzyme reacts to combine substrates into a new product.
7.
Structure X represents the…?